So, when does it stop being photography?

[Kamera RAWr]

I wanted to start a small discussion about when photo editing goes to such a point as to not be photography anymore. I would like to know what the photographers of MR have to say on this issue. It starts of course with simple adjustments like perhaps exposure, white balance and things of that nature. Then there is the dodging and burning, masking, PS filters, etc. Also so far as making adjustments to separate elements of the photo. Where does it stop being photography?

If there is already a thread on this topic, please forgive me :o

[jbernie]

I wanted to start a small discussion about when photo editing goes to such a point as to not be photography anymore. I would like to know what the photographers of MR have to say on this issue. It starts of course with simple adjustments like perhaps exposure, white balance and things of that nature. Then there is the dodging and burning, masking, PS filters, etc. Also so far as making adjustments to separate elements of the photo. Where does it stop being photography?

If there is already a thread on this topic, please forgive me :o

It stops becoming photography when the object is created by other than a camera.. so long as it starts as a photo taken by a camera it is photography to me.

Now in saying that maybe there could be need to have two fields, where you have original photography and enhanced. Though with digital photos today unless you see the original on the memory card any print out can only be taken at face value.

In saying that :), digital photography/effects has allowed us to do so much more as Joe or Jane Average photography that used to be in the realms of professionals and high end studios.

The gf and I are right now reviewing stacks of photos from the trip to Australia, lightening up a few pics etc so they are more viewable before printing. No need to waste money on average or below pics when you can review them all first and decide how many you really want to print.

[Doylem]

From its earliest beginnings, 150 years ago, photography has been an interpretive medium. The person who said "The camera never lies" was badly misinformed...

We've always edited in-camera by picking this particular composition, not that one... There were plenty of manipulations in the darkroom: more cropping, burning & dodging, toning, etc. What's changed with digital is not the motivation... but merely the ease by which we can manipulate images.

What I don't like is the idea of post-production as a quick-fix - trying to add some spurious gloss to uninspiring pictures. For example, there's no app or plug-in or 'magic wand' that can recreate a play of light on the landscape.

The best post-production (IMO) is simply the minor tweaks to a good image (probably RAW) that recreate what the photographer originally saw. Other 'looks' (posterisation, HDR, Dragan, etc) should be used with care.

There's really no point at which photography becomes an illustration or a technical exercise. At one end of an imaginary line is record photography: setting the camera up at the end of a street to record how a particular place looked at one moment in time. A the opposite end of the line are composite pictures, using every trick in the book to create a fantasy world - with masking, 'stitching', colour manipulation. All other photographs can be placed somewhere along this line, that's all...

Reality is far more interesting than our inventions. I'm bored with pictures that have been given a purple sky, with maybe a couple of pink flamingos flying over. This is photography as clip art...

We don't want to train ourselves to see. We want a trick, a tip, the app the professionals use. Sermon over. :)

[bartelby]

I think Doylem has pretty much covered it all.:)

[CrackedButter]

It stops becoming photography when the object is created by other than a camera.. so long as it starts as a photo taken by a camera it is photography to me.

Now in saying that maybe there could be need to have two fields, where you have original photography and enhanced. Though with digital photos today unless you see the original on the memory card any print out can only be taken at face value.

In saying that :), digital photography/effects has allowed us to do so much more as Joe or Jane Average photography that used to be in the realms of professionals and high end studios.

The gf and I are right now reviewing stacks of photos from the trip to Australia, lightening up a few pics etc so they are more viewable before printing. No need to waste money on average or below pics when you can review them all first and decide how many you really want to print.

You know, you can take pictures without a camera and its still photography. I disagree when you say "so long as it starts as a photo taken by a camera it is photography to me".

I could just use film and expose it using my hands or just use photography fluids to make a image. Heck I can use tree leaves to imprint an image onto paper, are these not images as well?

My suggestion is that you need to read up on Camera Obscura and you'll come back with a modified opinion.

I made the image that is attached without using a camera or a computer, its not even an illustration using pens and paper. Is that not an image?

[Doylem]

Is that not an image?


Hmmm... needs a little post-production, I feel. Maybe a couple of flamingos. ;)

[-hh]

I think Doylem has pretty much covered it all.:)


I agree. To make a simpler (although more interpretationally strict) summary, I'd say that photography can include post-production manipulations intended to compensate for our technology shortcomings in recording.

Thus, cropping is because we're compensating for having "too big" of a frame. Similarly, multi-image splicing is because the frame's "too small".

Dodge & Burn are because of limitations in dynamic range. So too is image stacking for HDR.

Retouching to remove hairs, dots and other flaws...is just that. Restoring color balances are also generally okay, although one can cross over into manipulation.

But adding/removing objects (eg flamingos) I'd say crosses the line, but even this can be situational: I can see removing an object where it stuck into a corner and is clearly not intended to be the image's subject, but is merely a distraction (the alternative would have been to crop more). I'll try to find an example I'm thinking of later.


-hh

[Clix Pix]

When someone does on the computer what we used to do in the darkroom and produces an image pretty much what was originally shot in the camera, that is "photography." When someone does on the computer things which deliberately alter the image to the point where it is not really the same as what came out of the camera, then that, in my opinion, becomes "digital art."

Burning/dodging/cropping/sharpening/boosting or reducing contrast, maybe a slight touch of the healing brush or clone stamp to remove something distracting in the image (say, a wastebin or a scrap of paper in the midst of an otherwise attractive landscape scene)..... these are all what I would consider still holding to the tenets of photography. Adding filters to change the color, adding or removing subjects/huge objects from the image, distorting the image so that it is unrecognizable from its original state......this would be digital art.

Nothing wrong with digital art, it is a new and potentially exciting form of art in which people can have fun expressing their creativity in different ways than we've ever been able to do before.

This whole topic is a hot-button one for many photographers, and if you look on the web you will find a lot of heated discussions of "photography" vs "digital art" and people's concerns about how far a digital image can be manipulated and still called a "photograph."

[netdog]

I'm more interested in if it is compelling, beautiful, catalyzing or otherwise stimulating.

I'll leave the rather mundane interest in wrestling over labels to others.

FWIW, numerous photographers from every age have used whatever post-image capture processing technologies were available to them, from Stieglitz to Steichen to Rauchenberg and Hockney. Be it using silver, dodging and burning, or painting and/or collaging polaroids, none of these gentlemen could have produced the work they did that incoporated photography without photographs. When on earth did those photographs cease to be photographs? The question is ludicrous. The answer is never

[mkrishnan]

From its earliest beginnings, 150 years ago, photography has been an interpretive medium. The person who said "The camera never lies" was badly misinformed...

I just wanted to chime in... Doylem did an excellent job of responding to this. It's a misconception that film photography does not involve much in the way of post-processing. Even many of the terms you used -- dodging and burning -- indeed come from film photography and were imported from there into the digital realm, as far as I know.

I personally think it's not too valuable to think about what is and isn't a photograph, although I think that, at the point where you transition from modifying the photographed content to creating part of the content using other techniques (rendering, drawing, etc), it's appropriate to say that you're working in mixed media rather than photography. Still art, though.

[BanjoBanker]

When someone does on the computer what we used to do in the darkroom and produces an image pretty much what was originally shot in the camera, that is "photography." When someone does on the computer things which deliberately alter the image to the point where it is not really the same as what came out of the camera, then that, in my opinion, becomes "digital art."

Burning/dodging/cropping/sharpening/boosting or reducing contrast, maybe a slight touch of the healing brush or clone stamp to remove something distracting in the image (say, a wastebin or a scrap of paper in the midst of an otherwise attractive landscape scene)..... these are all what I would consider still holding to the tenets of photography. Adding filters to change the color, adding or removing subjects/huge objects from the image, distorting the image so that it is unrecognizable from its original state......this would be digital art.

Nothing wrong with digital art, it is a new and potentially exciting form of art in which people can have fun expressing their creativity in different ways than we've ever been able to do before.

This whole topic is a hot-button one for many photographers, and if you look on the web you will find a lot of heated discussions of "photography" vs "digital art" and people's concerns about how far a digital image can be manipulated and still called a "photograph."
I agree completely with Clix. Particularly the hot button line. This is basically the same debate musicians had with the advent of the synthesizer in the late 50s. Plus ca change, plus c'est ce le meme chose pretty much says it all.:cool:

[compuwar]

I just wanted to chime in... Doylem did an excellent job of responding to this. It's a misconception that film photography does not involve much in the way of post-processing. Even many of the terms you used -- dodging and burning -- indeed come from film photography and were imported from there into the digital realm, as far as I know.


Indeed, if you see the originals of many of Ansel Adams works, you'll see that he wasn't always a great photographer, but he was almost always an exceptional printmaker.


I personally think it's not too valuable to think about what is and isn't a photograph, although I think that, at the point where you transition from modifying the photographed content to creating part of the content using other techniques (rendering, drawing, etc), it's appropriate to say that you're working in mixed media rather than photography. Still art, though.

I just tend to lump it all into the "imaging" bucket.

Adding filters to change the color, adding or removing subjects/huge objects from the image, distorting the image so that it is unrecognizable from its original state......this would be digital art.

My enlargers have filter packs, my lights have gels, and my lenses have filters- Adams often removed signs, power lines, vehicles and I think in one case a large class graffiti in his images- but he's always hung in the photography section of galleries.

[Doylem]

FWIW, numerous photographers from every age have used whatever post-image capture processing technologies were available to them, from Stieglitz to Steichen to Rauchenberg and Hockney. Be it using silver, dodging and burning, or painting and/or collaging polaroids, none of these gentlemen could have produced the work they did that incoporated photography without photographs. When on earth did those photographs cease to be photographs? The question is ludicrous. The answer is never

The news media still hang onto the notion of photography as an objective record of an event as it happened. A photographer called Adnan Hajj was sacked by Reuters a couple of years ago for making a pic of war-torn Beirut more dramatic by repeating the plumes of smoke (without much skill!) in Photoshop.

[saltyzoo]

Photography is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium

Technically, any bit twiddling isn't photography. I hate being technical though.

[mtbdudex]

Kinda reminds me of my B&W Photography course (film of course) I took in College back in 1985.

I learned all sort of neat "tricks" from my teacher.

Two points of Photography.
-technical aspect
-artistic aspect

Honestly, I can say for B&W (film) I was technically proficient and mildly OK at the artistic. For digital, I'd say I'm not as proficient at the technical tools, my artistic ability is again mildly OK.

So, IMHO If you can capture it (however) and manipulate it (however) and then view it (however) it's Photography.

Does it "move you"?
Make you think?

[seany916]

The picture you get straight from the camera is PHOTOGRAPHY.

Everything you do with it afterward is POST.

That said, it doesn't hurt to "help" the pictures a bit sometimes if needed.
It's also an art form unto itself. Depends on your needs & goals.

There is room for everyone and the food they like at the table. I just get annoyed when someone says, "Hey! That's not REAL steak because it's cooked well-done!". I like medium, but I also support the guy that likes his cow blackened. It's not my money, I'm not the one eating it, and it's none of my business what he eats unless it truly affects me in some way.

Some people I know don't own anything other than a P&S and just like the process of post. I prefer to get as much as possible right with the camera and tweak a bit as necessary. Other guys shoot and deliver without any post-processing at all. Do what works for you.

What makes you happy as an artist? What makes your clients happy (and makes them regular clients)? How much guilt can you live with knowing that you (gasp!) delivered the pictures without spending countless hours in Photoshop?

That said...

you could just do what a lot of the local wedding photographers in my area do (no offense to the decent ones)...

just throw a softening filter on the front and call it a day.
"for soft, glowing, ethereal images"

(Okay, I'm a hypocrite... I admit it. Sorry.)

[QuantumLo0p]

I have to agree with jbernie.

What the camera interprets has always been part of photography. Pushing, pulling, DOF, etc, albeit some consider this be a gray area. However, filters that adversely affect outcome seem to have always been considered to be a step further in altering the image.

Outright adding content that was not in the photo definitely crosses the line for me as well as every avid photographer I know personally.

I'm sure most of us know a great graphic artist who is a lousy photographer.

Think of it as "bionics" for photography!

Ja.

[CrackedButter]

I have to agree with jbernie.

What the camera interprets has always been part of photography. Pushing, pulling, DOF, etc, albeit some consider this be a gray area. However, filters that adversely affect outcome seem to have always been considered to be a step further in altering the image.

Outright adding content that was not in the photo definitely crosses the line for me as well as every avid photographer I know personally.

I'm sure most of us know a great graphic artist who is a lousy photographer.

Think of it as "bionics" for photography!

Ja.

I think you have, and many other people here have a limited view on what photography is. Or everyone has a very narrow definition of what photography is or what it can do.

Adding content doesn't mean its not photography and darkroom skills are not a grey area. Basically its more than about the camera and you shouldn't limit your interpretation of what photography is, by it.

[seany916]

[QUOTE=QuantumLo0p;4423218]I have to agree with jbernie.

Think of it as "bionics" for photography!

That's hilarious!!! I prefer my Jaime/Jamie Sommers blonde (Lindsay Wagner), over the current one, but I still watch it.

[M@lew]

Editing programs are just tools to a photographer just as much as a flash is.

[bocomo]

as an artist, i could care less about labels and categories-leave that to the critics and historians. basically just show me something! make me interested in your imagery and make me think. i don't care what tools are used.

i think the digital vs. film manipulation stuff gets interesting when you consider jerry uelsmann. looks like photoshop but completely darkroom.

it boils down to this for me: if it's journalism or documentary then i feel the relationship between objects in a scene should not be altered. lighten, darken, whatever but just don't change the colors, take things out, put things in.

if it's art...the sky is the limit (the point is to be creative, right?)

just like anything else, in the wrong hands, any tool can produce crap

also check out

http://www.luminous-landscape.com/essays/cloning-the-can.shtml
http://www.luminous-landscape.com/tutorials/filter-ethics.shtml
http://www.luminous-landscape.com/essays/veracity.shtml

[bocomo]

also, this is a great trio of books that are philosophical in a very conversational manner about photography

http://www.lenswork.com/lwp.htm

attached is a short essay from one of the first two books (i can't remember which one)

[JeffTL]

It's photography as long as light-sensitive materials -- film, silicon, dry plates, photo paper in a pinhole camera, or anything else that records an optical image -- are materially involved in the production of the work. The definitions of materiality and a particular work are left as exercises for the reader.

[Doylem]

attached is a short essay from one of the first two books (i can't remember which one)

That's a rather depressing quote (for me, at least). My photography is more about seeing than manipulation. Looking is hard work (if you're doing it right...), but the effort pays off. It makes life richer, more meaningful, more creative... and looking through a camera is just one part of this process.

I know what can be done with Photoshop (even if I'm not adept enough to do it myself), and I know too that people seldom know when to stop. Most of the manipulated images I see have simply been 'over-cooked': too much colour manipulation, too dramatic HDR, etc. It becomes like Hollywood car chases: they have to be more and more exciting to stop the audience yawning. The result: we become over-stimulated, but under-nourished... unable to respond to imagery that isn't brash, blatant and eye-poppingly zappy.

My pleasure in photography (mostly landscape) lies in going in the opposite direction: slowing down, learning to be more patient, enjoying the process rather than just looking for 'results' (which, ironically, seems to produce more better pictures, not less). It's looking for subtlety... mostly in what light does to landscape. It's 'reading' the landscape, and responding to it. Post-production is limited to colour correction (rather than colour manipulation) and trying to bring the image back to what I originally saw (particularly in regard to the human eye being able to cope with huge variations in lighting intensity... while digital sensors struggle).

Post-production offers many temptations; how amazing to be able to change an image so dramatically simply by moving a slider left or right (well, it's amazing to those of us brought up on film photography...). But what matters to me is what I originally saw. Instead of spending hours creating masks and layers in Photoshop, I'd rather go to interesting places, sleep in my van, set the alarm for 'early' and have the dawn landscape to myself. The fascination is to try to capture some of what I saw on film (or, now, a digital file).

There's a big difference (IMO) between an image that's seen... and an image that's assembled or heavily manipulated. And too much of one can make it hard to respond to the other. It's like overpowering our taste-buds with glutinous sauces, so we can no longer eat our meals without great dollops of ketchup.

Apologies if this sounds pretentious. It's not meant to be. I just see people getting lost in a world of post-production techniques, and photographs which have a pleasantly glossy sheen but which don't mean anything. :)

[Clix Pix]

Beautifully said, Doylem! For me, too, the joy in photography comes from the moments I spend holding a camera in my hands (or on the tripod), making the exposure and savoring what I am seeing through the viewfinder..... I really dislike post-processing, if truth be known. I would be perfectly happy to have someone else do the tedious work of PP, but unfortunately that is the price we pay for the benefits of digital imaging: time spent hunched over a hot computer, bringing to life what we've successfully captured on the memory card......

[bocomo]

Beautifully said, Doylem! For me, too, the joy in photography comes from the moments I spend holding a camera in my hands (or on the tripod), making the exposure and savoring what I am seeing through the viewfinder..... I really dislike post-processing, if truth be known. I would be perfectly happy to have someone else do the tedious work of PP, but unfortunately that is the price we pay for the benefits of digital imaging: time spent hunched over a hot computer, bringing to life what we've successfully captured on the memory card......


hey now-i used to spend long hours hunched over trays of chemistry to bring to life what i captured on film!

i can certainly agree with your love of the process of capture. i think there has always been a divide amongst photogs: shooting geeks and darkroom geeks (i've actually been a proud member of both).

i suppose what i really respond to in this type of discussion is the final product. show me something wonderful! i can appreciate the small, quiet moments painstakingly captured as well as elaborate digital compositions. same rules of quality apply...good art or bad art on a case by case basis

it's a great big ol' art world out there

[mtbdudex]

That's a rather depressing quote (for me, at least). My photography is more about seeing than manipulation. Looking is hard work (if you're doing it right...), but the effort pays off. It makes life richer, more meaningful, more creative... and looking through a camera is just one part of this process.

I know what can be done with Photoshop (even if I'm not adept enough to do it myself), and I know too that people seldom know when to stop. Most of the manipulated images I see have simply been 'over-cooked': too much colour manipulation, too dramatic HDR, etc. It becomes like Hollywood car chases: they have to be more and more exciting to stop the audience yawning. The result: we become over-stimulated, but under-nourished... unable to respond to imagery that isn't brash, blatant and eye-poppingly zappy.

My pleasure in photography (mostly landscape) lies in going in the opposite direction: slowing down, learning to be more patient, enjoying the process rather than just looking for 'results' (which, ironically, seems to produce more better pictures, not less). It's looking for subtlety... mostly in what light does to landscape. It's 'reading' the landscape, and responding to it. Post-production is limited to colour correction (rather than colour manipulation) and trying to bring the image back to what I originally saw (particularly in regard to the human eye being able to cope with huge variations in lighting intensity... while digital sensors struggle).

Post-production offers many temptations; how amazing to be able to change an image so dramatically simply by moving a slider left or right (well, it's amazing to those of us brought up on film photography...). But what matters to me is what I originally saw. Instead of spending hours creating masks and layers in Photoshop, I'd rather go to interesting places, sleep in my van, set the alarm for 'early' and have the dawn landscape to myself. The fascination is to try to capture some of what I saw on film (or, now, a digital file).

There's a big difference (IMO) between an image that's seen... and an image that's assembled or heavily manipulated. And too much of one can make it hard to respond to the other. It's like overpowering our taste-buds with glutinous sauces, so we can no longer eat our meals without great dollops of ketchup.

Apologies if this sounds pretentious. It's not meant to be. I just see people getting lost in a world of post-production techniques, and photographs which have a pleasantly glossy sheen but which don't mean anything. :)


I agree every thing you said.

Now, don't mean to hijack this thread.

Would you still consider it to be Photography if:
-You are a very-very busy person, so you are the creative "front end" taking the pictures,capturing "the image", etc.
Then, you send your original picts to some overseas shop (low cost labor) and have them edit/manipulate/tweak/"fix"/etc while you sleep, and next morning day you have "finish" product.

Is that Photography?

[Doylem]

Would you still consider it to be Photography if:
-You are a very-very busy person, so you are the creative "front end" taking the pictures,capturing "the image", etc.
Then, you send your original picts to some overseas shop (low cost labor) and have them edit/manipulate/tweak/"fix"/etc while you sleep, and next morning day you have "finish" product.

Is that Photography?

Not too sure about the 'low cost labour', but a lot of pro photographers used to leave the processing and printing to an assistant, or a pro lab, or a specialist printer. Just the same as letting someone else handle the post-production of digital images. It's still photography, IMO...

[seenew]

Would you still consider it to be Photography if:
-You are a very-very busy person, so you are the creative "front end" taking the pictures,capturing "the image", etc.
Then, you send your original picts to some overseas shop (low cost labor) and have them edit/manipulate/tweak/"fix"/etc while you sleep, and next morning day you have "finish" product.

Is that Photography?
Nothing can salvage an image that was borne of an uninteresting subject and composition, or terrible lighting. When I'm not at school I'm an 'artist retoucher' for a couple of small studios back home. I still very much consider the work I return to my clients to be photography (however boring wedding and sports photos are).

You people that have this idea that photography must result a realistic, documentary image that adheres to some stringent list of rules are just being elitist. Take an art history course and read about late 19th century painting, and how the Salon in France wouldn't recognize anything other than realism or classicism as worthy of being called a painting. Would you, too, say that great impressionists and abstractionists such as Van Gogh, Monet, Renoir, and Degas are not worthy painters?

Get with the times. Photoshop is a new tool in the modern photographer's toolbox, and you can bet that if it were around in earlier times, it would be just as widely used, and you'd all be singing a different song right now.

The development of a medium should not be limited in any way.

[Father Jack]

You people that have this idea that photography must result a realistic, documentary image that adheres to some stringent list of rules are just being elitist. Take an art history course and read about late 19th century painting, and how the Salon in France wouldn't recognize anything other than realism or classicism as worthy of being called a painting. Would you, too, say that great impressionists and abstractionists such as Van Gogh, Monet, Renoir, and Degas are not worthy painters?

Get with the times. Photoshop is a new tool in the modern photographer's toolbox, and you can bet that if it were around in earlier times, it would be just as widely used, and you'd all be singing a different song right now.

The development of a medium should not be limited in any way.
I'm definitely with you seenew ...... :)

There should be no limit in photography, afterall all's fair in love, war and .... (cough) photography .. :cool:

[whooleytoo]

Just to add my (absolute non-photographer's) 2c:

To me, two people could produce an identical image of a sunset.

One could have waited for half an hour to get the right position of the sun and angle of sunlight, and tint of sky. They could have used their years of experience to compose the shot, perhaps with people, or trees, or buildings in the foreground. They could have carefully chosen the moment so the shadows of the objects in the foreground aren't underexposed nor the sunset itself overexposed.

Another could have taken 100 shots at different times from different angles, gone home to their lab, used their experience of editing to choose the best group of shots, used HDR to avoid under/over exposure, trimmed to tweak the composition, adjusted the brightness/contrast/colour levels etc.

They're both valuable skills, and no one is knocking either. But personally, I don't consider the latter to be photography. It's a formidable skill, and can produce stunning images, but to me it's something different.

To me photography is about capturing a moment, and the skill involved in doing so faithfully (at times) or with a certain twist (such as an unusual camera angle etc.). Once the moment has passed, you either have the shot or you don't. To me, post editing is like an author trying to add an extra chapter on to a novel long after it's gone to print and on the bookshelves.

It's not snobbishness, it's just different strokes for different folks.;)

[saltyzoo]

I already posted it, but by definition if you aren't capturing an image on a light sensitive medium, it isn't photography. All bit twiddling after your sensor grabbed the image is artistry not photography.

But really, who cares? Both capturing and processing produce results that are pleasing. Paintings are nice too. :p Blending the two is even better.

[Doylem]

I already posted it, but by definition if you aren't capturing an image on a light sensitive medium, it isn't photography. All bit twiddling after your sensor grabbed the image is artistry not photography.

Hang on a minute... if you're shooting RAW, then a certain amount of 'twiddling' is necessary just to bring the image back to what you saw when you pressed the shutter. This isn't 'special effects'... just an integral part of the RAW process...

[saltyzoo]

Hang on a minute... if you're shooting RAW, then a certain amount of 'twiddling' is necessary just to bring the image back to what you saw when you pressed the shutter. This isn't 'special effects'... just an integral part of the RAW process...

Technically, no, it isn't photography unless you are using a light sensitive medium. You know, the "photo" part of the word and all.

pho·tog·ra·phy (fə-tŏg'rə-fē)
n. The art or process of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces.

But, I really do hate being technical, and I'm certainly not one to quibble about it. I enjoy all aspects and images created with skill in both capture and post processing.

[Doylem]

I enjoy all aspects and images created with skill in both capture and post processing.

Well, I'll drink to that...

[pdxflint]

The news media still hang onto the notion of photography as an objective record of an event as it happened. A photographer called Adnan Hajj was sacked by Reuters a couple of years ago for making a pic of war-torn Beirut more dramatic by repeating the plumes of smoke (without much skill!) in Photoshop.

All photography is in effect an abstraction of reality, even straight photography. The issue with news media is one of ethics and trust, so the rules of what are acceptable are more about honesty. There is a responsibility to not "lie" or mislead (same thing IMO) in journalism, although point of view or message certainly can be affected by what is left out of an image, too. It gets tricky there, but news photographers have been fired, rightly so in my opinion, for staging shots for greater impact or drama, when if they had worked a bit harder they could have expressed the same message by capturing events as they happened. All the modern tools' ease of image manipulation have made it even more incumbent upon photojournalists to not cheat, since the public more than likely now is suspicious of news photography. Art photography is a completely different matter - anything goes.

Interesting thread... some good points made here.

[Kamera RAWr]

I'm really happy with all the posts that have made up this thread that I created. Sorry I haven't been participating at all, but I've loved reading all the responses. So many good points made.

I've come to one clear conclusion myself... As long as you enjoy and love what you're doing, who cares about labels. Or for the professional photographer, as long as you enjoy it and are still getting paid ;)

[MacNoobie]

when you've photoshopped it to hell and back.