No.
There are several places that an Application may save data (Applications, Library, Application Support, Preferences, Hidden Directories, .plist files, etc).
Only the application's developers know where everything is.
In theory, the application's uninstaller should know where it wrote files AND delete them; but this doesn't happen in practice.
Many users probably don't use the uninstaller, they just drag it from Applications to Trash.
Plus a lot of uninstallers want to leave behind your preferences and configurations so that if you re-install the program you won't have to reconfigure it.
Any kind of universal uninstaller wouldn't know all of this. It could only guess at what files belong to which application. It will leave some files behind and accidentally delete files for applications that you didn't install. This is the problem that several 'system cleaner' applications have.
The complicated way is to run the uninstaller (if provided) and then look in the usual places for files that don't belong.