No, turning one or two of those off won't matter. Turning ALL location services off on the menu before that can make a difference, but if you have it on then that list is just showing you what has permission to access that data.
It doesn't gather the location data 7 times, it just does it once. Then, once it knows where you are, whether it shares that info with 7 or 6 things within the phone won't change your battery life.
Not true.
Go into airplane mode and the come out of it. Mobile Network Search and Setting Time Zone become active but Compass Calibration does not. I have all the others off but I suspect at least some of them, if enabled, would not become active in this situation either. So if I only had Compass Calibration enabled, battery would be saved in this scenario.
If I go into the Compass app, Compass Calibration becomes active and the other two do not. If I had Compass disabled and the other two on, battery would be saved here.
It's not all or nothing.
edit: Sorry, thinking about it more I could see that the icon might just indicate access to location data. But it seems to make sense to me that in these example scenarios - re-enabling the radios, going into the Compass application - that the system would try to get current and up to date location information by actively fetching it. And if the services requiring that information were disabled, it wouldn't bother. But if you have any more information about what you said that'd be great, cheers.