OKAY GUYS, here's what's going on.
Your car/stereo/whatever has a "ground" (in electrical terms), and when your phone is charging, the charger, or your phone's battery, or whatever, also has a "ground". Usually, ground is supposed to be the same, but in truth, it isn't always, and that causes a ground loop (see wikipedia if you care) -- what this means is that if you have your phone output to the car, then there are two electrical "grounds" which are supposed to be the same (and if it was the same voltage, it'd be silent and not cause buzz). But instead, when it's plugged into the car, there is a ground loop, which then makes electricity flow, which makes the static buzz. A ground loop isolator will solve this and remove the buzz, so I'd really recommend that.
YOUR PHONE IS NOT DEFECTIVE, this buzz is totally normal with GSM/EDGE/LTE, but shouldn't happen with 3G/HSPA/CMDA because of the technology. The cell radio turns on and off at ~800Hz, which is audible. It is not because of the cell phone frequency (which is 700-1900 MHz, which is wayyyyy too high frequency to hear). A shielded cable won't fix the issue and there's nothing wrong with your car, or the phone, or anything else.
TL;DR
In short, get a ground loop isolator, or the kensington noise reducing cable like this on amazon. It'll remove the buzz, but might slightly reduce the quality of your sound.