Just to further add to the above, the OEM versions do not include tech support from Microsoft as those versions are meant for system builders (who would give the user tech support).
Another difference is that the Windows 7 Retail version comes with both 32 and 64 bit media as opposed to the OEM where you pick one or the other when you buy it (I'm not sure if an OEM 32-bit key works on a 64-bit version and vice versa... in case you are able to 'acquire' the media for the other version after you buy it).
As mentioned above, OEM copies are supposed to be tied to the original machine they are installed on, but Microsoft will usually let you activate it on different hardware (or completely different computers).