The rentals on your Mac just show up on the AppleTV now if you have home sharing enabled. You can also access them with the Remote app as there is a "rentals" section on it. Click on "More" if you don't have it set as one of your main options at the bottom in the Remote app.
Of course, you can also transfer them to an iOS device and then Airplay it from there. Or you can start playing it in iTunes on your computer and then choose to Airplay it from your computer.
So there are multiple ways to play rentals on your computer at your Apple TV. Take your pick.