I've gotten 7 mbps down when I did a speed test while on a call one time on AT&T. Surprisingly, in NYC on my way home. If you need picture proof, I will try to remember to do it tomorrow again.
I don't think AT&T is throttling your speed on purpose while you are on a call. I think it's just a limitation in the technology. I could be wrong though, but it only makes sense.
I haven't done a speed test because I never thought about it, but I know for a fact that T-Mobile also slows your speeds while on a call. I was a tmobile customer at one point and remember experiencing that.