No it doesn't. Apple's DND is a poor rip off of the call blockers from Android and doesn't work when needed. And I think the point of this thread is lost on you.
I think reading comprehension is lost on you. OP asked if this could be done, and yes it can be done. Is it as good as it can be, of course not. Can you block calls from coming through to your phone, yes. (if OP updates to 6.0)
OP you're still on 5.0, jailbreak and buy iBlacklist.