Time Machine and Carbon Copy Cloner

Yes, you probably could, but i would be safe and use Disk Utility to restore the Time Machine partition to the other partition. although, im not sure why youd want to do that, its just a copy taking up space and wouldnt be an advantage in disk failure.

and yes you can store files and view them from another Mac on a Time Machine disk. however, Time Machine formats your disk before the first backup.

"I created a Time Machine backup, and could I make a copy using Carbon Copy Cloner on the same hard disk?"

I would recommend that for CCC, you create your CCC bootable clone on a SEPARATE drive (one that doesn't have a TM backup on it).

At the very least, your CCC backup should go onto a separate PARTITION (if it's going to be on the same drive as TM).

Cheap and handy solution for handling more than one backup drive:
http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias=aps&field-keywords=usb+sata+dock&x=0&y=0
(many items shown, they all work the same, pick one you like that's cheap)

Combine the USB/SATA docking station with a couple of "bare drives" from the vendor of your choice, and you have a handy "multi-drive" backup station. You can even boot from the docked drive with a CCC backup on it.