I've thought about the difference between the three processor options in the new 15" MacBook Pros a lot and here's what I've come up with:
Here's how you calculate the processor's calculations per second (in millions):
2.3 GHz x 4 = 9.2
2.6 GHz x 4 = 10.4
2.7 GHz x 4 = 10.8
Now, you can calculate the processing difference between these three:
2.3 GHz is 11.5% slower than 2.6 GHz and 14.8% slower than 2.7 GHz
2.6 GHz is 11.5% faster than 2.3 GHz and 3.7% slower than 2.7 GHz
2.7 GHz is 14.8% faster than 2.3 GHz and 3.7% faster than 2.6 GHz
Example: 9.2/10.4 = 0.885 > move the decimal 88.5 > 100-88.5 = 11.5.
These calculations can be confirmed by Geekbench results for the Retina MacBook Pro (
http://browser.primatelabs.com/mac-benchmarks) which show the 2.3 GHz model at 11680, the 2.6 GHz model at 13045, and the 2.7 GHz model at 13429. If you look at the percent difference between these benchmarks, they are almost identical to the above calculations.
So, what is the value of a processor upgrade in the new MacBook Pros? Well, there's a significant difference between the 2.3 GHz model and the two higher-end options. The 2.6 GHz model is only a few percentage points slower than the 2.7 GHz model, however the L3 cache in the 2.7 GHz model is 2 MB larger than in the other two models.
It's up to the user to determine which processor they believe best suits their needs. For most simple tasks the difference between each model won't be noticeable. For tasks that are very processor intensive, the difference will be more noticeable.