I remember there was something like this in Starcraft 1. Is there something like this for this version?
Not from Blizzard.
Technically, people -could- make single player oriented maps available on the "SC2 Arcade" (Blizzard's lame ass name for custom maps), which you could then create a private game for and play by yourself.
However, it doesn't appear as though anyone actually does this. It might not be possible, or maybe people just don't care. I wouldn't be surprised if the SC2 map editor lacks the scripting capabilities to make a proper single player map, so that Blizzard can reserve that right for themselves by pushing out expansion packs.
-SC