I've never been able to set up Outlook from a non .mil network, but I didn't try that hard, either. I always just used the webmail interface via Internet Explorer on a PC. This was Air Force though, I'm not sure what protocols are in place for other branches.
If that's what you're talking about- not being able to access the web page based inbox- you can enable the "Develop(er)" menu in Safari and change the User Agent to Internet Explorer, since most likely the page requires IE.