Lion/mountain lion doesn't get passed boot

When I bootup my 2010 13-inch MacBook Pro I am stuck on the bootup screen.

i went into verbose mode and I got this text and the screen stopped.


Untitled by alabang, on Flickr

Now, I have extracted the HDD from the Macbook Pro and plugged it into a external enclosure to make a bacup.

Mavericks is taking almost 10 mins to initialize the HDD and I get the error message below of "OS X can't repair the disk".


Cannot Repair the Disk by 500px.com/dolina, on Flickr

Would anyone know how to fix this? Can I just do a simply reformat and I can reliably use the HDD again?

Before I reformat the HDD and designate it a dummy HDD for trivial data what else do I copy other than "Users"?

Application, System & Library are were not added to actively by me since 10.8.x.

I tried copying and 5/6th the way I start getting errors. I press OK and the copy continues. This has happened a few more times until the copy was completed.

Should I continue with Carbon Copying?

A bit of a background on this 2010 Macbook Pro. This was largely unused since March 2012 when my iMac arrived and I copied everything to it.

It gets occasional use since then and I recall not generating much data on it.

This is why I am not hysterical when I posted. I effectively have another copy of my Macbook Pro that is actively being used in the iMac and on a Time Machine volume.

Your thoughts are most welcoming.

Any way to sort through the "User" folder I copied for files that were altered after March 2012?

I tried using Spotlight but it keeps giving me everything after March 2012. Even files I personally did not generate.