Even if you go back to 10.6 it'll still happen. It's just a coincidence that your GPU failed the same time you installed mavericks.
hey,
i have the same problem as OP and the same MBP, except mine has 512mb of VRAM. i was running 10.9.2 when i noticed the KP's a few weeks ago. I then rolled back to mountain lion (10.8.5?) and still had KP's. same experience. so, today, in the morning, i rolled way way back to snow leopard and no KP's so far. i even installed final cut express and edited a video and exported it and no problem. i also installed COD: Modern Warfare and played a few rounds of games without the KP. the fans were kicking in and the the MBP chugged along fine. i also tried garageband '11 to make a little project and exported the song without a hitch. so far so good. also, no random KP's browsing the web or just letting the computer sit there for a while and then when i click on the screen, the computer would KP.
of course, i can't test FCP X or Motion 5 where i could trigger the KP in mountain lion and mavericks without fail since these apps aren't compatible with snow leopard.
so, so far, snow leopard is stable. but, even if it is stable, most of my apps aren't compatible with it. lol.
i'm scrtaching my head. i even made a thread about owners of this MBP who's had their logic boards replaced and asked if it has been fixed.
the thread is something like "did logic board replacement work for your mid-2010 MBP?"
anyway, that's my experience with this and rolling back to snow leopard.
----------
It's possible Mavericks made the issue more prominent (most likely by running your dGPU more), but your error is what you get when you have a dying GPU, 99% chance you need a new logic board sadly.
i ran COD: Modern Warfare with this MBP in snow leopard and no GPU related crashes. doesn't this game run the dGPU to its limit?
also, i have no weird glitches or artifacts on the screen with either mavericks or mountain lion where i was having the KP, which would be more obvious and clear evidence of a dying dGPU, right?
it's just kernel panicking.
but, man, snow leopard is not doing the panic thing. i really don't know.
----------
I don't have a back up, but my thoughts are dodgy driver. Coincidence on this issue raisning it's head and me updating to Maverick are too much. As in, first reboot into the new OS, it starts.
Shame this is not a matter of just updating drivers like winblows would allow you too!
I will speak to an Apple store tomorrow about it and see what I get.
I will back up again and look to re install in the next few days.
i did this already with similar MBP. they ran a video systems test and my MBP failed. there was a big, bold "FAILED" word in red splashed on the screen. they will tell you that the logic board needs to be replaced.
been posting like mad about this to ask around if anyone has any idea about exactly what the problem is. i am guessing Open GL or Open CL. but it's a wild guess. the KP crashes does occur in mountain lion and mavericks. haven't tried lion since i think it will be the same. but, i am now on snow leopard and no crashes yet.
ps--also, i am asking around because i am wary of logic board replacement with new logic board that has the same exact hardware as the older one. maybe it'd be easier if i can keep the original logic board, too but i know that they will keep it. i just feel like, having the older one as a backup in case the new one gets worst or has similar issue down the road that i have the original logic board that seems to run fine on snow leopard.....