Theoretically it is affected, but my experience has been that it is negligible at worst. I use mp3 192 VBR, and have yet to even have a full charge on my iPod yet (and i've had the classic since launch and use it daily)! The battery lasts so long, it is really amazing. If you are debating between 128kbps and 192kbps, certainly go with the higher bitrate. You won't compromise battery much at all and the better sound quality is really worth it.