despite changing the setting on my iPhone to "show my caller id" my caller id is not displayed
in Settings/Phone: is Show Caller ID greyed out or not?
it is more likely than not that this is chosen by the provider and not user changeable.
it is this way for most networks now.
having said that, the way that most networks have it preset is to actually have your caller ID shown.
other: is your phone jail broken?
after you shut down yr phone, and re-insert your SIM, go to Settings/Phone and see if you can flip the switch at that time to Show Caller ID.
also: if you are using a MVNO (that is, SIM that uses another company's network in its home network) you might not be able to set it either way.