Like said above, was it HDD failure? If not, you can just take the HDD out and put it in an external usb case (their cheap, think less than $10 last time I did that). And hook it right up, then you can have the HDD as a spare portable drive.
But there are some ways to back up iPhone stuff, not sure if you have a Mac or PC, but I use Image Capture on my Mac to pull photos/vids off the phone as a backup, and then you have iSync for calender/contacts/address etc. Just fig' out what you want backed up, then search around and you'll find programs to do so on Mac or PC.
Now your normal app's etc downloaded will be fine, even if erased obviously the App Store will have copy of whatever you've downloaded for iTunes to use.