My iPad has done this but the exact opposite.
When I unlock the screen everything will be at minimal brightness, like even less than I can physically turn the screen down to. Barely visible.
It will stay like that until I lock it and unlock it again. I don't know what the heck it is but I've seen it happen 3 or 4 times now. Seems to be at random.
EDIT: My bad I misread your post. Our devices are doing the same thing. Must be an iOS 6 bug if its happening across devices..
Yeah it's happened to me on my 4S. I think it might be due to the ambient light sensor being blocked for a quick second, which makes the iPhone think that is pitch black in the area and put the brightness all the way down.
I don't think this is the case because my iPad will go way below what it actually will let me turn the brightness to.