Why would women, on average, earn so much less then?
I wonder how much you really know about this stuff when you ask this. The "wage gap" has been beaten to death so many times by countless sources that it's embarrassing when people act like it must be discrimination.
The $0.77 gap myth comes from an average of full-time workers male vs female in the US. It factors in absolutely nothing, so it means little. It does not take into account things like occupation (a teacher makes less than an engineer, typically, for example), hours worked (average is 44.5 M vs 37.5 F per week), education required/skills, safety/risks, time off (ie. for kids), length of employment, etc.
Once you factor for all this the wage gap effectively disappears. It's been illegal to pay differently for equal work for 50 years.
What's most interesting is that in 147 of the 150 largest US cities, women under 35 (without kids) earn 8% more than their male counterparts while working fewer hours at safer jobs and in less lucrative fields.
How could they possible prove that?
They have to back up their claims. They can go on and on about the usual "women are oppressed" until they're blue in the face, but they need evidence of that. You can't just claim something as if it's true and expect to be believed with no evidence.
Why is political representation not important?
Why is it? In a democracy where 55% of the voting population is female, if what they really want is female politicians, they could vote them in. There is rightfully nothing stopping them from pursuing this path.
The thing is, people vote to elect representation of values and policy, not for genitals. You'd expect the outcome demographic to reflect the population it represents, and it's certainly heading that way. But it takes time, and there's no guarantee that it will ever happen naturally due to free will. Hence all-women-shortlists.
If women aren't opting to pursue those careers in the numbers that men do, then what?
Perhaps Iran isn't as sexist as "the West" tries to make out.
That's certainly my, albeit anecdotal, experience with Chinese women.
The competitions where they hand out women as prizes for memorizing verses in the Qur'an would illustrate otherwise, but you make a point. However, the women in those countries pursue degrees that will land them in well-paying jobs because that's what they need and it takes sacrifice to get there (not as many women attend college/university there). Women in the West pursue degrees in the Arts and Humanities, and take Gender Studies and History, because they have the luxury of being able to do so and going to post-secondary school is practically a given.
Oh so half of the members of Congress are women, and half the judges, and half the CEO's of Fortune 500 companies?
None of that validates the narrative. That there are 3/9 female supreme court judges proves that there is nothing stopping women from holding that position. Likewise, there are female members of congress (or parliament here in Canada and in the UK), and there are female CEOs. It is entirely possible to pursue and attain those positions.
What you need to prove is that an equal number of men and women are setting out to achieve those positions and the women are being unjustly dismissed and denied the opportunity. Otherwise, who's to say that women simply aren't pursuing those career choices of their own volition?
One last thing on this. Helping women get into the positions you mention helps around what... 1000 women tops?
Do all societies provide equal parternity leave for men so they can also take time off?
No, and I'm 100% for it, and I'd suspect most men would prefer to have the option. That's why I brought up that point for you.
Because we should be encouraging women to do their best and enter leading professions? Because if we don't we are losing half our talent.
We should be encouraging
everyone to do their best and pursue their dreams and goals. But you only seem to care about making sure women succeed. Guess what? They are. They make up 2/3 of the college/university students, excel at all levels, have endless grants, scholarships, hiring preference, etc. There are only a handful of fields in which they are the minority (generally engineering/computers), and you want to make sure they are the majority of that too?
And what will you do if not enough are interested, no matter how hard you try? The ones who are interested will do it.
My sister is in high tech (GIS).. my sisters in law have their PHDs in mathematics and microbiology. My mother in law works in IT networking. Nothing stopped any of them from choosing those paths.
Yep, that lot needs to happen too.
Nobody has addressed it at all. The only thing that seems to matter is making sure more women are in high-paying, safe, comfortable jobs with reasonable hours. Nobody has complained that the roadworks crews, roofing, and water/sewage companies don't have enough women on their front lines.
Much of the battle seems to focus on the gender representation of the elite few at the very top -- something that nearly all women AND men are unable to attain, and those that do often make serious life sacrifices to get there.
PS. Forgive the length and complexity of the post, everyone.