I just recently moved to the United States and never really understood those 2 year contracts as they seem ridiculously expensive. How could I possible be better off with a contract than buying the phone unlocked and using T-Mobile's $30/month plan?
2 year total cost for 16gb iPhone 6:
$649 + $720 = $1369
What non USA people fail to realize was during the cell phone carrier "race to the top" period of around 2002-2009 where USA carriers were only interested in "subscriber growth". Investors in these companies only looked at how many "subs" each carrier had.
So when Verizon hit 50 million subs it was a big thing. When Cingular purchased AT&T wireless and jumped Verizon in "subscribers" it was a big thing.
But you want to know how they increased subscribers? Easy. Carriers only real way of increasing number of subscribers (post paid on 2 year contracts) was through "family plans". What this meant was each line added to an account was $10. So the more lines added to an account the better the carrier looked. And it was also cheaper for the consumer. Since first line was usually $50-70. Second line $10, third line $10. And so on. Up to 5 lines. So the average cost per line for consumer went down with more lines added.
Investors loved to see AT&T/Verizon adding "more lines". That indicated "growth". This was all fine and dandy.
Consumers basically just purchased flip phones on these $10 add a lines. It didn't cost the carriers much to have these 2 year contracts. Consumers just paid say $0 or maybe $50 for these flip phones on 2 year contracts (flip phones cost carriers maybe $150-200). So carriers didn't really care. They were only "subsidizing lines 2-5" and barely making a profit. Line 1 always made a big profit. But investors were happy carriers were adding lines.
Than came the iPhone. Specifically the subsidy of iPhones. It "changed everything". You see subsidizing line 1 (which paid the most) was ok to carriers. But when consumers were only being charged $10 for line 2. But say AT&T was "subsidizing line 2 $400" over 2 years. The subsidy of lines 2-5 became intolerable for carriers. Especially for savvy consumers like me who would just add a line for $10 and just resell the iPhone.
Think about it. $10 add a line x24 months plus taxes (but i got 24% discount). So it only cost me $240 to add a line over 2 years. I got a $599 iPhone (apple raised iPhone prices to $650 in 2011). I paid $200 for subsidized iPhone. $200 plus $240 for 2 years. So my add a line strategy cost me $440. But cost AT&T $600 for the phone. So I was making $160 every 2 year off the carriers. (AT&T sprint Verizon do not require data plans previously on lines you don't carry smartphones).
Carriers profit margins eroded quickly with these subsidy especially when they couldn't get me to pay for data either since i sold these iPhones on my spare $10 lines.