They use Qualcomm's basebannd code. They don't just stamp a chip on a board and call it a day, Thanks Qualcomm! The entire circuitry is licensed before a single board is stamped. Apple's licensing of Nokia's GSM/3G patents has already been addressed.
Right, usually the licensing deals are made first, although that wasn't done for years in the case of Apple-Nokia.
As I said, you pay royalties for various soft/hardware pieces separately from the chip. That way you only pay per device for the functionality that you need. E.g. you wouldn't want to pay HSUPA related royalties on devices without HSUPA.
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While this answers why chips don't come pre-licensed for everything, it doesn't address the HTC lawsuit, where HTC apparently bought some patents explicitly for a purpose like this:
In the filing, HTC asserts that Apple has either infringed or induced to infringe their OFDM patent, either directly or via the doctrine of equivalents.
Inducement to infringe could mean that Apple has imported devices using chips made overseas that run afoul of that USA patent.
The
doctrine of equivalents means that the infringement doesn't have to be exactly what the patent claims say, but infringes by way of doing the same thing in basically the same way.
My guess is that HTC thinks they found a patent that covered a WiFi chipset used in many Apple products.