Symantecs, in part perhaps. I think it's also a matter or perspective or even philosophical views. Personally, I agree with philosophers that view the mind as something that spreads itself out into the world. I consider language as being a tool, but as very different type of tool from a hammer -- it's a "cognitive tool" that describes our thoughts, that can change, influence, and augment the way we think. Maybe it boils down to a materialist vs. spiritualist worldview...
Well, at this point I feel compelled to quote the premise that Andy Clark presents in his book,
Natural-Born Cyborgs. A brief description of it follows:
In Natural-Born Cyborgs, Clark argues that what makes humans so different from other species is our capacity to fully incorporate tools and supporting cultural practices into our existence. Technology as simple as writing on a sketchpad, as familiar as Google or a cellular phone, and as potentially revolutionary as mind-extending neural implants--all exploit our brains' astonishingly plastic nature. Our minds are primed to seek out and incorporate non-biological resources, so that we actually think and feel through our best technologies.
Personally, I agree with Clark's premise, that ever since first beginning about two millions years ago, humans have been incorporating more and more tools and supporting cultural practices into their existence and routine, and that process is likely to continue in the future to include more extreme examples of "mind augmentation".
I can't agree that an iPhone is "just another tool" (similar to a hammer), neither would I label an iPhone as being "just another phone"...
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There are ordinary "phones" and then there are "smart phones". There are also "tools" and then there are also "cognitive tools", e.g. "any medium that helps transcend the limitations of the mind, such as memory, in activities of thinking, learning, and problem solving."
Humans have long since relied on "cognitive tools" to extend human memory.
Here's a quote from the book, that seems appropriate....
... we never say of the artist, or poet, or scientist, "Oh, poor soul -- she is not really responsible for that painting/theory/poem; for don't you see how she had to rely on pen, paper, and sketches to offset the inadequacies of her own brain?"
Do you think of the Internet as a tool that extends human knowledge? I do. If I can't recall the formula for figuring the volume of a cylinder, I can search of it and find it online, or even better yet I can simply use Google "
volume of a cylinder calculator".
If that's a form of "cheating", then I suppose my parents use a thesaurus and/or dictionary back in the 1950s was also a form of "cheating" or relying on a "crutch"...
An old family friend used to constantly refer to his single-engine Cessna as an extension of himself. In college, I and many of my friends would talk about how we considered our automobiles to be extensions of ourselves. My grandmother used to speak of her horses as an extension of herself.
Again, I suppose it's a mater of perspective...
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But then again, there seems to be evidence that people fuse with their tools, a topic covered in the
Wired article,
Your Computer Really Is a Part of You