^^ Reminds me to add: Buy a condo that you can afford. Do over finance your purchase.
Opps. I meant to say Do not over finance your purchase.
To the OP, there has been some great advice already provided in this thread. Hopefully, here is a little more...
It is better to purchase a smaller property that you can afford than to over extend yourself.
Property prices, can and do go down at times. There is nothing like being upside down in your home mortgage loan. I've seen it happen a few times. Definitely not a good situation to be in.
Learn the condo real estate market in St. Louis. Then learn to take advantage of it.
My questions were to get you started on thinking about the various aspects of your purchase.
One thing that I didn't ask, is will this be an investment property (one that you purchase for appreciation or to rent out someday)? Or will it be a place that you want to life in for a long time?
If it is an investment property, be sure you get a good property for that purpose and that you can sell. If you purchase as a future rental, makes sure that you get the right type for your area. Good rentals are easy to get rented and tend to stay rented over time. Bad rentals will stay vacant or be hard to get rented.
Which brings me to your loan.
Generally, if you are going to live in the property and keep it for a long time, it is best to pay off the loan early to save on interest costs. The amount that you pay for interest is much more than you will save on your taxes via the home mortgage deduction. Consult your accountant/tax attorney for specifics in your case.
Let's talk about the loan. You indicated that you are looking for a 30 year loan with a fixed rate. You also indicated that you are looking at something up to $120,000.
So for discussion sake, let's say that you finance $100,000.
I don't know what rate you are going to get, so I will arbitrarily choose 6% for discussion purposes.
A $100,000 loan for 30 years at 6% will give you payments (Principle and Interest) of $599.55 per month. Total payments over the life of the loan will be about $215,838. This means that you will end up paying a little over twice the loan amount during the life of the loan.
As for paying off the loan early. Let's say that you pay an extra $100.00 principle on the loan every month. That means you would be making payments of $699.55 each month. If you did this, you would pay off your loan in 21 years instead of 30 years. This would save you about $64,751 over the life of the loan.
In this case you would invest an extra $100 per month for 21 years, or $25,200, to save $64,751 which is a nice return on your money. Plus you would own the place sooner and be free of monthly mortgage payments which is a nice feeling let me tell you!
For fun, let's say that you pay a extra $200 principle on the loan every month. You would pay off the loan in 16 years 5 months. This would save you about $97,727 on the life of the loan. In this case you would have invested an extra $200 per month for 16 years and 5 months, or $39,400, to save $97,727 on the life of the loan. Not too shabby!
You asked about how much you should finance. Just remember loan officers look at it differently than what may be good for you. Many times a person can finance more than they should. Also, consider all of the costs for condo ownership. You will have taxes, membership dues, maintenance fees, pest control, etc., plus your normal electric, gas, water and sewer bill.
Condo association rules can be tricky and very limiting in some cases. Be sure you understand them before purchasing.
Which leads me to the amenities. Just remember, nothing is for free. Amenities sound great but can end up costing a lot to maintain -- especially in the long run. Also, how will amenity issues, and there will be some, be settled and how much will you have to pay for your part of the total cost?
Well, I hope that you find this information helpful.