I'm not sure what a good resource for that is that is any less technical, but here's an analogy that may gloss over some nuances and make electrical engineers (and car lovers) cringe, because like any analogue it has its challenges, but it relates the concept I think:
You're Ferrari. You make amazing engines to very high tolerances. Despite the sophistication of your manufacturing process, each engine that comes off your line has certain variances that make it unique. Some variances just make them fail and they get sent to rework or recycle, of course, but some variances actually make them faster (e.g. they're more perfect of a specimen of the theoretical design), they have the perfect storm of every single moving part properly machined exactly and that they all fit together just right.
Most engines off your production line don't lie in this 5-10%. They also don't fall in the 5-10% that just fail or are so, so bad they don't pass basic quality control at the end of the line, they fall somewhere in the middle 80-90%.
So, as an astute manager of this business, you have one design and assembly line for engines for a model of car you are selling, but for a certain price premium, you offer your customers the option to buy the engine that tested at a higher horsepower for an added cost as an option.
That's binning, and it's done in the processor, RAM, and microprocessor world *all the time*. Now, it's not to say Intel makes only one chip, hardly, not even close to true, they market a whole diversity of chips they in turn sell to system manufacturers, but within the Core M line (the processors that go into the rMB), it's really only one design. The 1.1s are the low end of the assembly line, they work, they're nice chips, reliable, but they test the slowest of the processors Apple has chosen. The 1.3s test the highest.
The TDP rating is just how much heat the chip will put off when running a "representative" workload (e.g. under normal use). The "lower" (better? In the eyes of the beholder here) the TDP, the less heat that is put off, which generally (but not always) relates to less power consumed, too.
This is related to binning, in the sense that for the same work, the higher-binned (better performing) processors will put off less power and also consume less power.
Hi, interesting!
Sorry but what is binned and TDP? (for a non-computer guy like me)
Where can I read more about this in an easy way? The link in the first post is a bit too technical for me.
PS
Have a 1.3GHz ordered, soon to be delivered
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The i5 and i7 are substantially different enough processors that they're not simply binned, they're actually different machines.
The i7 is rated to consume more power, too.
This is the opposite of the 1.3 v 1.2 question here, where the 1.3 is faster b/c it's simply thermally more efficient, but on the other hand the i7 is a substantially different device that actually draws more power and gives off more heat,
Similarly for MBA 13 inch is i5 more efficient than i7 for 2015 models and does i7 give better battery life than i5 ?
Thanks