An estimated 15 million suffer from Alzheimer's world wide. John Disterhoft of the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, and colleagues studied a strain of Alzheimer's disease-prone mouse to try to find out. As the animals age, Aß (Amyloid Beta proteins) levels rise and their memory declines - the rodents are less able to remember cage mates and learned locations. They think that this protein may be the cause of mental decline.
http://www.nature.com/nsu/040105/040105-6.html
http://www.nature.com/nsu/040105/040105-6.html