You get more registers, and 64-bit registers.
The Intel CPUs aren't 64-bit like the PPC970 -- which had 64-bit virtual memory (and 42-bit physical memory), they are running 64-bit registers, 48-bit virtual memory, and 36-bit physical memory.
The PPC970 was a beast, the Intel CPUs are a bit less complex and deliver what is needed on the desktop now.
Of course people may say the 64-bit Core 2 Duo doesn't give you much more RAM than a G3/G4/Core Duo which are also all 36-bit -- I think.
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As far as the 64-bit benefit from Apple, it'll get you more than 2GB of RAM on a Mac ... and RAM is among the top performance boosters on the machine. And the 32GB limit on the XServe and Mac Pro, is a biggie to Pro performance.
If you have it, 10-20GB/s beats the snot out of 50MB/sec.