1440p144 requires a pixel clock of ≈587 MHz. Any GPU that supports DisplayPort 1.2 or HDMI 2.0 should be able to support that.
What macOS version are you running? DisplayPort on Kepler Nvidia cards doesn't work in Catalina but does work in Mojave (unless there's a patch I don't know about?)
You can use a Radeon RX 480, 580, 5700, ..., but not the newest 6000 series yet. You'll need fixes for boot screen (RefindPlus?) and SSE4.2 emulation in macOS (AAAMouSSE.kext).