Short form:
Single-sided (400K) and double-sided (800K) disks use the same magnetic media inside the disk. On the very oldest single-sided disks, it may have only been usable on one side, but by the time double-sided disks had taken over, most media, even that sold as single-sided, was actually double-sided. Thus, you can format any 800K disk as single-sided just fine.
Note that on SOME single-sided drives, the pad that touches the "back" of the disk may have deteriorated far enough by now that if you use an 800K disk in a 400K drive long enough, that disk might not be able to be used an an 800K disk again. (The "back" side of the disk material might have enough wear from the broken-down pad on the drive that it is physically scratched.)
High-Density (1.4 MB) disks, on the other hand, use a different magnetic media than the older 400K and 800K disks. It is possible to reformat an HD disk as an 800K or 400K disk (or vice versa,) but it is not a good idea. The differences in magnetic coatings make it very unreliable. And once you use a disk in the "wrong" format, it becomes unreliable even if you reformat it back to its original format.
I've done this when I had to move a file and didn't have an 800K disk available, but I made sure not to use that floppy disk again.