If you can write to your Mac partition while under Windows I would guess it could alter some files on your Mac side. Otherwise no. The actual virus won't make its way to the Mac side though.
I think that is probably more theoretical than actual
IF you have something like MacDrive installed and IF the virus did this or that
I have yet to hear of anything remotely like that happening
Then your answer should be "Yes, it can, but no known virus does it and the interest to do it is low" instead of "Nope"
I stand by my answer till proven otherwise
It's not really a false sense of security. There can be multiple correct answers to a question. MacDawg is correct that the virus won't hop partitions. If a non-technical user asked the question, "no" is sufficient. If I was discussing this with my friends we might delve into scenarios where this could theoretically happen. The OP currently has nothing to worry about.