trevorplease: Think of it this way: the battery and related software and circuitry assumes that you're very,
very dumb. So dumb, that the fact that you're here, posting in this forum, means you're much smarter than the battery expects you to be. Of course this also means you're likely
overthinking things.
Given that, I really don't think you need to be calibrating a brand new battery on a brand new MBP. That's something they do for you at the factory, and there's little reason to think that the battery has gone out of spec from the time it left the factory, to the time it got into your hands.
You should really only calibrate if you're seeing wildly out-of-spec battery life, and it's lasting way less on a charge than you think it should. Frequently calibrating and re-calibrating the battery not only prematurely ages your battery (by forcing unnecessarily deep charge/discharge cycles that you wouldn't otherwise be doing), but could increase the chances of an erroneous calibration reading if a cycle is interrupted.
Only calibrate if your battery isn't acting the way you think it should. Otherwise, just follow these steps and you should be fine:
http://www.apple.com/batteries/notebooks.html
Can I drain the battery from 100% to 46% and then shut it down for the night? Then next day, turn it back on and drain it completely down to 0%?
Again: brand new MBP, I wouldn't calibrate it unless you know something's wrong. You also don't need to completely drain the battery every time. You can use it to 46%, and then charge it back up if you want to. With normal use, the battery should get plenty of exercise so long as you're not keeping the MBP plugged in 24/7.
Fact is, I think the only time a calibration would be warranted is if you HAVE been keeping your MBP plugged in constantly for weeks on end. At that point the battery has been disused, and the MBP's calibration profile for it is inaccurate.
Bottom line: As long as you use your battery regularly, you shouldn't have to worry about it all that much.