You can't mount the same disk on two computers without using a network connection like NFS, SMB or AFP. They'll run into all sorts of file locking problems.
By stripe RAIDing them together, you're essentially halving your reliability. If one drive goes, you lose all of your data. If you keep backups of the whole thing you'll be OK, but a better idea would be to mirror RAID them and have built-in redundancy.
I would definitely not mess with the power. The big black box on your electrical connection is tuned to work with one enclosure. Increasing the load on that will, at the very least, risk electrical damage to your components. In the worst case, though, it will be a fire hazard, since the components in the adapter are likely not designed to handle double the load and may melt or overheat.