Can I use Outlook Mail with iCloud and via this method have all Outlook email synced?

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I am considering buying Microsoft Office for Mac with Outlook. I used Outlook for a while. I do not have an iPhone but plan on getting one soon and so prior to making this purchase of both Office with Outlook for Mac and the iPhone, I want to know if I can sync all of my Outlook emails with iCloud so that I can access them on all of my Apple devices? I am not sure if it won't work or sync with Outlook and if iCloud's email syncing capabilities come from just Apple Mail. I would simply like to be able to access my Outlook email on all of my devices.

I assume though the Outlook functions will only be fully available on the one computer with Outlook and not on the iPhone and iPad?