I know this might kick your budget in the nuts, but have you considered the 180mm Macro? It is obviously an amazing macro lens, but it's also a stellar prime telephoto lens.
Maybe. It depends on which categories are important to you. The 180mm is razor sharp, but as it's a huge macro lens with very large glass elements the autofocus is very slow (by Canon USM standards). It's also a bit of a beast to drag around with you, and it doesn't have IS. If you're using it for landscapes or something else that you'd normally use a tripod for, then it's great.
I question its usefulness as a general telephoto for the same reason that I sold my non-IS 70-200 f/4L: you didn't mention what kind of camera you have, but at 180mm on a lower-resolution APS-C camera you're going need at least 1/300 sec for a really stable handheld shot, and if you've got something resolution-hungry like a 7D it's going to be more like 1/400 or more (my hand isn't the steadiest in the world, but I try to keep my 135mm f/2L above 1/300 on my 40D if I want to be really sure it's going to be clean. f/2 makes it much easier

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I think at this point you need to think long and hard about whether you want a telephoto that can do some macro, or a macro that can do some telephoto. Personally, I'd go for the first option as I travel a lot so a good telephoto is important to me, and for macro I always carry a little Kenko macro ring with me that works well on just about any mid-telephoto lens, especially ones with IS (you can find them cheap at B&H photo).
BTW another good macro option is the EF-S 60mm (if you've got a crop camera of course). It's rumored that Canon will be bringing out an IS version soon. photozone.de's review of it was very favorable and it's not terribly expensive.
Regarding the telephoto zoom, someone asked a question very similar to yours yesterday; see the "Canon Telephoto Zoom" thread for my comments on what's available.