Do they exist? I've found some aftermarket antennas on amazon that claim to give 7 or 9db gain, but the reviews suggest they do not perform well at all.
What's the cheapest way to get 3 to 9 db gain of SNR?
not really, extending non-apple base stations can be tricky, also there is a speed hit with wirelessly extending.
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If you can get an ethernet cable to somewhere physically closer to where you want to get the signal, you could make a second access point. Just give it the same SSID and security settings, but different channel. your devices will switch to the stronger signal automatically.
You'll just have to make sure that it's setup so that the wireless is part of the same network
you could do this with an airport express, or a second device running dd-wrt (which would probably be the cheaper option, check here for settings ).