You are probably going to need to reinstall the OS IMO. Was this an upgrade to macOS High Sierra?
First, as ab298 noted, you can try booting into safe mode (hold shift at startup.) You can also try resetting the PRAM and SMC, and booting into the recovery partition and running First Aid through Disk Utility (if this happened during an upgrade, such efforts may be futile.) To check for hardware failures, you can hold the 'D' key at startup which will launch Apple Diagnostics - to help try to rule out that this has a hardware cause.
An OS reinstall deletes everything on the drive. So, A) are all of the files backed up?, and B) if not, what MacBook Pro is this?