For space issues not explained by the above, there are a few things you can try, some of which may or may not apply:
Begin by restarting your computer as a first step. This sometimes resolves issues.
For Time Machine users on notebooks running Lion or later, space may being consumed by Time Machine local snapshots, which can be disabled by entering the following command in Terminal: sudo tmutil disablelocal.
Check to see if some of the space is being used by your sleepimage file.
Search with Finder to see if the space is being consumed by a very large file or several large files. Adjust the 50GB in the illustration to whatever size you deem appropriate.