After many years, I have collected probably a hundred of different types of cables, from audio to video to computer to data...you name it. I ran into the same issue as you, trying to figure out what to do with all of them.
I went on the search for a drawer system, but couldn't find anything I liked which had the right combination of size and number of drawers needed. What I ended up doing was getting a bunch of gallon-sized and quart-sized ziploc bags. I have a separate bag for each type of cable, and the size of bag is determined by the size and quantity of cable going into it. So I have a bag for USB cables, a bag for Cat5 cables, a bag for 1/8" to 2-RCA cables, a bag for optical cables, etc, etc. Each bag has a printed label on it for easy identification. All the bags live in a cardboard box.
It's not very elegant, but I went from trying to find $100 worth of drawers that weren't gong to really work, to $5 in supplies.
As for my desk, every cable was purchased to length, so everything lays out really neatly. With half a dozen peripherals, three USB hubs, a network switch, two monitors in addition to the iMac, and five hard drives, my desk still looks mostly clean.