Most reports are that the 15” has better battery life! Search here for relevant threads.
Even Apple reports that for wireless web browsing.
Power and Battery
14” MBP — Up to 12 hours wireless web
15” MBA — Up to 15 hours wireless web
See what makes each Mac laptop and desktop different. And find the one that’s perfect for your life, your work, and your budget.
www.apple.com
One test would be to use the 15” for several days, doing all your usual stuff, and simply see whether it lasts longer or feels like it does!
Given the reports around here that the 15” lasts several hours longer a day than certain M2 14” variants do, it should be pretty obvious, fairly quickly.
That is, if your 14” is one of the M2 battery chompers…
Do a search on MR for old threads on the 14” battery life to get a feel for what the battery life shortfalls are for certain models.
The other thing would be to charge them both to 100%, then spend several hours doing the exact same set of mixed tasks on each. By what % does the battery drop on each laptop in your custom test?
One wrinkle, of course, is that you need to make sure that any background processes, indexing, etc. are off on both laptops.
By now, the 15” should be done indexing, especially if you didn't install all your 14” documents on it. That background indexing can eat up CPU cycles and battery time!
Of course, the other crucial factors in such a decision are screen size, text sharpness, ease on eyes, speed, noise, and ports! Battery life could be secondary. Selling the 14” at a loss could loom large, too.