Gps devices do not talk to satellites in any way.
But the satellites "talk" to the GPS device.
The answer to the OP's question is:
No. The wifi-only iPad has no GPS chip, so it cannot receive geolocation information from the GPS satellites.
A company called SkyHook as gone around the country and mapped the location of many fixed WiFi hotspots. So, if your iPad is connected to a hotspot at, say, Starbucks, then the Google Maps app will identify your location.
But, if someone were to pick up and move that Starbuck's equipment to a new location, then the Google Maps app will mislocate you (or at least until SkyHook, Inc. remaps that hotspots location).
Devices like the MiFi don't pass the cell tower information to the connected device (or at least I've not found a way to do it with my Verizon MiFi).
The 3G-enabled iPads include a GPS chip just like the iPhone does, and can use GPS, cell-tower triangulation and SkyHook for geolocation.