AFAIK there is no way to see the file size of image files in an iPhone. However when I transfer to a Mac they vary from 1.6 to 8mb. Albeit the 1.6 file had much less detail but this seems like quite a large variation.
My phone is still on iOS 16 (!) and (in addition to the info button) I can swipe up on a photo when viewing it to reveal all the metadata. I "discovered" this by accident recently and was initially confused by what happened.