Short answer: No.
Long answer: Batteries are complex chemical reactors. When a battery provides current, a series of chemical reactions occurs which also involves the diffusion and transport of not only electrons (current) but ions within the battery itself.
When you charge a battery, you reverse this process. A battery degrades when it can't complete this cycle of charge-discharge-charge. Physically, a number of changes can occur which decrease battery performance, especially capacity and charge retention. The battery might leak electrolyte, various membranes can change with time and lose their ability to transport ions (such as Li+ in our MBP Li-polymer batteries) , flow-channels can develop in various membranes, the electrode materials can undergo deleterious reactions, and any number of other issues.
Generally, when you exercise a battery, the desirable chemical reactions (such as electrode reduction and oxidation - each of the half-reactions) and the desirable transport processes ensure that the deleterious ones don't have time to consume electrodes, electrolyte, etc. Think of this as a race. The electrode materials can either follow the desired path by using the battery, or undesired ones through insufficient use. Everytime you charge/discharge the battery, it's mostly good as you prevent these undesirable reactions.
Deep-charge/deep-discharge is occasionally good for your battery as well, as this exercises physical portions of the cell that might not otherwise contribute during light-use. [This should always been done within manufacturers specifications, as really-deep-discharge can be very bad for some batteries, especially Li-Polymer and Li-Ion cells. Modern battery management systems on our laptops should prevent this too-deep discharge process.]
Of course, use of the battery will also degrade other elements eventually (especially membranes needed for ion transport), which is why batteries have limited cycles. The happy medium is to regularly use your battery, and when its reached its useful cycle limit, then you replace it. That will maximize performance.
And sorry for the more detailed explanation. Perhaps I should have stopped at my short answer...
