The amount of power consumed by your ram is less than 5% of the total energy consumption of your machine, both under load and idle.
Depends on the Machine. On a 15" MBP running with dedicated graphics under full load yes but on a MBA or 13 MBP it is a lot more than just 5% under load.
Just check iStat or coconut battery what the machine consumes and compare it here with others (under a very specific workload) or swap back the old RAM and test the same workload in both configurations.
Maybe you just keep open more apps and that is the actual cause of your decreasing battery life. vs 4GB default RAM it should be only something like 2-3 additional W under load and maybe a few hunderd mW idle. Takes away a few minutes but nothing really noticeable.
1.35V vs 1.5 should be a bigger difference. But 4 vs 8GB also makes a differnce like 20% under load (just the memory) idle increases more I think but that is still really low in absolute values. And as mentioned different vendors with otherwise the same specifications often have very different power efficiency.
I once just checked spec sheets and although they can never be really trusted even on them the amps for idle and load for different modules from the same vendor are very different.
I guess it depends on what kind of dram chips they use (30nm, 40nm, 50nm) and maybe also if they are single sided or double sided.
Test it and you should see if it is just your paranoia. If not, send them back and order some others with a 2011 MBP I'd recommend 1.25V RAM it is like cutting away the power consumption of an HDD and today it sometimes sells for nearly the same money.
The speed difference between 1333 and 1600 is just about non existent. You cannot even measure it with benchmarks most of the time.