New Displays with more power efficiency. The last two models had essentially the same displays with no real improvment but the tech in the industry has progressed quite a bit in that time frame. I guess switching to a new better panel would get them back to the display power consumption before the high res move.
That's a huge assumption. What is this based on?
Unless they've come up with a completely new display technology that nobody knows about, or they switch to an existing technology (e.g. OLED) that's better than IPS, I don't think it's coming soon. You can talk about percentage gains here and there, but nothing that would allow Apple to reduce the battery size.
Combine all that and maybe drop the dGPU and they can remove some battery and make the whole thing thinner. In theory until they get to usb plug thickness they have room. 3-4mm of the bottom. Even with a dGPU from Maxwell it should be doable. They never really care about the actual battery life with the dGPU enabled.
As these systems are designed, the dedicate GPU is used very sparingly as it is. Well, I should say that it's only used when it's needed, in which case NOT having one would mean that the work you want to do is either impossible, or frustratingly slow. Dropping the GPU would only allow Apple to reduce the battery size if you really believe that the dGPU often kicks in when it's not necessary.
Once you drop the dGPU and ask OS X to perform all graphics-intensive tasks via the integrated GPU, it's going to use up system RAM and your CPU to perform graphics-intensive tasks, but in a slower, less efficient way that has the additional downside of not being as good (i.e. gaming). If you drop the dGPU, your CPU will be operating at max load more frequently, and for longer periods of time. That combination sucks for battery life, so giving your laptop the option of using a dGPU isn't costing you anything.
Besides, that's why the 15" Macbook Pro is $2000+ machine, and intended as Apple's highest-end "pro" machine. When you need the power, the power is there. When it's not, then the dGPU doesn't do anything.
Up until now, what I meant was that the current 15" Retina MBP, with a similar set of hardware and features, is very difficult to shrink down.
My guess is that some people are after a 15" MBA-like device (with Retina display), which is a different story, and requires a different product line. Surely there's a market, so I guess there's a point to be made there.
I'd like to see the rumoured 12.5" MBA that's more similar to the size of the 11.6" MBA, along with a bigger 14" or 15" MBA.
So:
12.5" and 15" MBA with Retina display
13.3" and 15" MBP with Retina display and dedicated GPU.
Apple has never offered a lot of different hardware options in the past, and due to the introduction of tablets, people's usage and dependence on computers has changed anyway. It would be very Apple-like for them to streamline the laptop lineup even further, with the understanding that their customers are looking to have a tablet and laptop.