Oh, I see your signature now. In that case, go for it! A few points:
1. With 4 GB RAM, you can still run High Sierra, but don't try to do more than a few things at a time or else you'll get the beach ball. With 8 GB RAM, it's much, much better. 16 GB RAM is unnecessary for this machine, since it's too slow to actually adequately use that much RAM in most cases anyway.
2. SSD is mandatory. If you get one without an SSD, then get something like the DRAM-less Crucial BX500. Don't believe the hype about DRAM on SSDs. Yeah if you're running a modern main machine, or even an older machine like a 2011 iMac, you'll want DRAM on your SSD. However, for these old and very slow MacBooks, it's unnecessary.
3. Install 10.13 High Sierra first and see how you like it. Safari in High Sierra is not as useful at this point, but you can run the latest Chrome. Install AdBlock to make it tolerable. Otherwise any ads will slow the browsing down to a crawl. For embedded video in websites, stick to 720p. The screen is only 720p/800p anyway. If it's higher resolution VP9 video for example, your machine will struggle. h.264 is preferred since your GPU has hardware h.264 acceleration, but VP9 at reasonable resolutions may be OK, albeit with more fan noise. BTW, High Sierra supports APFS and HEIC/HEIF files, so you're good there. In my opinion, for a bare minimum OS, I think 10.11 El Capitan is necessary. For a more usable minimum OS, 10.13 High Sierra fits the bill.
4. If you want something later than High Sierra, then you can install 10.15 Catalina with
dosdude's macOS Catalina Patcher. Catalina itself works fine, but you lose the normal boot process, and hibernate may no longer work when you run out of power, or at least that's what happens on my 2008 and 2009 machines. If the battery drains to nil, I have to reboot. Plus on my systems there may sometimes be slightly strange behaviour with Chrome, as in it occasionally fails to launch which you click on it in the dock. So, this is more like a Hackintosh experience than a Mac experience. If you want the real Mac experience, stick with High Sierra. High Sierra is recent enough that it only stopped receiving security updates last year.