Yes. Relative performance please.
Adobe Masters Collection CS 5 or 6 (Illustrator, Photoshop, Premiere), Words, Excel, PowerPoint, Keynotes, Matlab/Simulink, SolidWorks.
Without diving too deeply into I/O specifics, not all SSDs (including the particular interface technology and protocols they use) are created equally. Your 2010 laptop is limited to SATA II speeds, which means if you have a modern SATA SSD, you are not likely getting anywhere near the possible performance from it now. Not only is your maximum throughput less than the modern PCIE/NVME capabilities, but perhaps more importantly to you is that the random reads/writes are much master. Sorry if I am throwing too many acronyms and concepts at you, but in many of these applications--and in general OS usage--you will see less lag, fewer "bouncy balls", etc. If you have big Excel documents, you will notice this routinely. The same for many-layered Photosop documents. It is hard to give definitive comparison for relatively short-running things, but I use a very similar machine for some edge work and it can be 1/4 or 1/5 the time to "respond" to basic changes and inputs. Copying +1GB files back and forth is not quite that fast, but still faster than your current machine.
Something else to think about. The current processor (I am referring to both the CPU area and the GPU area in the processor for the current machine) is vastly better at some things because of built-in hardware that speeds up certain functions. You will notice this on certain UI affects in general usage, when you are watching or encoding/exporting (at least in Final Cut, though I notice you use Premier*)1080p video or up, and if you have encrypted your storage.
If your budget allows for it, just realize you could get even greater leaps in performance by moving to a Macbook Pro 15" since you are already comfortable with the 17" form factor. That thing is a beast. Or even a current 13". But the 12" should be better than your 17" in almost every performance category.
*Premiere . . . so, one of the application suites that even now is not GPU optimized, at least on the modern Apple system side, is Premiere. It is astounding how much faster Final Cut is for certain things. Given the differences in processor lines over the seven years, and given that you had a dual core processor of that time, I still think you will see faster speeds in Premiere. But they will not be as dramatic as in some other things.