Clamshell mode implies that you have an external display, and external keyboard/mouse attached, with the power adapter plugged in. The lid would already be closed, otherwise it is not clamshell mode.
The battery would charge in that mode, because the power adapter is plugged in. Battery charges until fully charged, then you just have power (the power adapter light would be green)
If you leave the external devices attached, with the lid closed, then it is in clamshell mode.
If you disconnect the power adapter while sleeping in clamshell mode (external devices still attached), then you might expect that there will be more battery drain in a few hours, more than regular sleep.
Without external devices, and a closed lid, then it is sleeping (that's not clamshell mode)
And normal sleep, with no power adapter attached, you will get a small power drain, maybe 10-15% drop overnight, in that range.