######################### Mason's Ultimate Guide to Keyboard Navigation ##############################
This is not an exhaustive list, but it is extensive.
Mostly, these are commands that I could remember off the top of my head and write down in fifteen minutes.
The rest are hotkeys that I used in the course of two days while I continued to redact it.
(I subsequently confirmed all of them before releasing this list, to ensure accuracy as of 10.5.2.)
That I have them memorized is my guarantee to you that this list is full of hotkeys that are useful
on a daily basis, and do not suck. I am tired of reading lists of hotkeys which are half filled
with garbage. TMI is just as bad as no info. Contrariwise, most shortcut lists do not provide
some of the focus-changing shortcuts that are necessary for effective keyboard navigation. Here
I am concerned not merely with keyboard shortcuts, but with keyboard navigation: that is, getting to
as many commands as possible without the hassle of a mouse. In general, I find that if I know the
command that I want to issue, there is a faster way to do it with a keyboard, than with a mouse,
whereas if I don't know, a mouse is effective in searching for the answer (though cmd-shft-/ and
command-enter are usually my first lines of inquiry).
These shortcuts are sorted not by frequency of use, but by the ratio of what I perceive to be their
use value over what I perceive to be their obscurity. (MENU ITEMS ARE SELF DOCUMENTING. THEREFORE
THEY ARE NOT GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO BE OBSCURE. This is why, e.g., cut and paste are low on the list,
because everyone knows them already. In fact, the only reason they're in here is that I want to draw
attention to the idea that most application developers are aware of some unofficial, unvoiced conventions.
It's easier to remember, eg, that cmd-f is fullscreen mode by convention, than it is to remember that
cmd-f is fullscreen in VLC, cmd-f is fullscreen in QuickTime, cmd-f is fullscreen in iChat video mode, etc.)
I also highly recommend Quicksilver, which opens a wealth of possibilities to the keyboard user with its
trigger abilities (I use a google search trigger, a bookmarks search trigger, and clipboard history trigger,
as well as use it to launch common apps with F1-F6. I invoke it to open files with a non-default application,
invoke it to launch less frequently used apps, paste files into emails and text boxes with a few key strokes,
maintain a todo list, control itunes, and a lot more. I'm always finding new uses for it. All of these behaviors
could be replicated by other keyboard sequences, but Quicksilver makes it faster.) Even more important for
keyboard navigation, I recommend Witch, which I have bound on alt-tab and use in conjunction with Apple's
built in cmd-tab. It seems to solve a lot of problems that would otherwise make me reach for a mouse.
Both are indispensable to me.
I recommend that anyone who heavily uses a computer learn as many shortcuts as possible, since they are
generally much, much faster than using a mouse. However, there are times when a mouse is faster,
for instance, when browsing a modern website. So it's important to pay attention to your usage and notice
which way will save you time. (I also have a logitech MX revolution mouse with 17 buttons on it, and I use ALL of
the buttons). It pays to be open minded about your navigation habits.
I hope you enjoy and profit from this list.
Keyboards forever!
#################### Hotkeys in Leopard #################################
##################### GLOBAL #################################
cmd space..................................................... Spotlight search
Ctrl [1,2,3,4,5,6]............................................ Jump to a space
Ctrl F7....................................................... Switch between text and controls. V. useful if you are stuck at a certain dialogs, such as the save dialog
cmd opt shft q................................................ force logout
ctrl F2, dwn.................................................. switch menu to keyboard navigation mode, starting from apple menu (with FATY)
ctrl F3 ...................................................... switch dock to keyboard navigation mode (this mode has FAYT) (while here, up shows dock prefs, space is a mouse click)
Cmd-Tab ...................................................... Browse through open apps
cmd shft q ................................................... logout
cmd opt escape ............................................... force quit menu
cmd period ................................................... attempt to force quit the active process
cmd shft vol ................................................. quiet volume change
cmd opt shft vol ............................................. fine grained music volume (10.5 only)
cmd-opt-space ................................................ Open a file search (I still cannot figure out how to focus the search results, therefore not used frequently, the functionality is improved upon in QS anyways!)
opt-vol ...................................................... Sound preference pane
######################## EXPOSE ########################
tab ......................................................... cycle through open windows
NOTE: Expose can be used in conjunction with Spaces
###################### SPACES ########################
tab ......................................................... cycle through spaces
number ...................................................... jump to space
c ........................................................... collect all windows in one space
################################# FINDER #######################################
cmd up ...................................................... Change working directory to parent
spacebar .................................................... Quicklook selected item (Quicklook features are 10.5+ only)
left-right arrows in QL ..................................... Go to next selected QL'd item.
cmd return in QL ............................................ Show 4-up Quicklooks
cmd return in Spotlight Searh............................ Open selected object in Finder (or Mail if a mail message)
cmd-shft-g..................................................... Go to any folder, with autocomplete, AND IT WORKS IN Save.. and Open.. DIALOGS (v. important point)
Command-Right Arrow ......................................... Expand folder (list view)
Option-Command-Right Arrow .................................. Expand folder and nested subfolders (list view)
Command-Left Arrow .......................................... Collapse Folder (list view)
Option-Command-Up Arrow ..................................... Open parent folder and close current window
Cmd-Opt-I ............................................................. Open a single inspect pane for a multiple selection, even if ordinarily it would show individual infos
type anything ............................................... find as you search
cmd delete .................................................. selection to trash
shift tab ................................................... like up arrow, but it wraps around
tab ......................................................... like down, but it wraps around
shift up/down ............................................... select multiple
cmd up ...................................................... open a new finder window if none is open
right arrow ................................................. open a selected folder
left arrow an open folder ................................... close it
left arrow anything else .................................... jump to enclosing folder, if that folder is available (otherwise use cmd up)
cmd shft h .................................................. Open ~
cmd shft a .................................................. Open Applications
enter ....................................................... edit filename (esc to cancel, enter to accept)
cmd o ....................................................... Open file with default app
cmd y ....................................................... Toggle Persistent Quicklook
cmd c ....................................................... Open Computer
/ ........................................................... Top file in folder
############################## BY CONVENTION - MOST APPS ########################
opt rgt/lft ................................................. skip to next word(*1)
opt up/dwn ................................................. skip to next paragraph (Does not work in TextEdit, but it should! Get something better)
cmd rgt/lft ................................................. skip to beginning and end of line
cmd up/dwn ................................................. skip to beginning or end of file
enter ....................................................... choose blue button in dialogue box (usually "enter" or "accept")
spacebar .................................................... Use on focused objects that are clickable, e.g. a drop-down menu, tab, or button, to simulate a mouse click
ctrl-tab .................................................... navigate to next tab in most tabbed apps
shft-ctrl-tab ............................................... navigate to previous tab in most tabbed apps
ctrl t ...................................................... new tab in most tabbed apps
tab ......................................................... shift focus to next
ctrl tab .................................................... shift focus to previous
cmd [1,2,3,4,5..] ........................................... jump to tab in most tabbed apps
arrows ...................................................... used heavily in keyboard navigation to navigate to next element. Always less efficient than FAYS.
cmd +/- ..................................................... increase/decrease text size
cmd lft/rgt ................................................. go to the "next thing"
esc ......................................................... cancel/deselect
cmd , ....................................................... preferences
cmd w ....................................................... close a tab or window
cmd ? ....................................................... FAYS menu actions + help options. Also switches menu to keyboard navigation mode
opt-cmd-w ................................................... close all windows
cmd . ....................................................... close dialogue box
cmd a ....................................................... select all text in active window
cmd d ....................................................... "don't save" in dialog boxes, "add bookmark" in browsers, "send message" in mail clients
cmd f ....................................................... fullscreen mode
cmd enter .................................................. echo a newline when "enter" is used for something else, e.g. "submit" in a chat app (sometimes this is reversed)
cmd s ....................................................... save
cmd shft s .................................................. save as...
cmd q ....................................................... quit
cmd p ....................................................... print
cmd o ....................................................... open...
cmd n ....................................................... new file...
cmd shft n .................................................. new "meta object"
cmd x ....................................................... cut
cmd c ....................................................... copy
cmd v ....................................................... paste
cmd h ....................................................... hide active application (cmd tab into a hidden app to see it, or use menu -> show all)(*2)
ctrl cmd h .................................................. hide all others (this is reversed in adobe apps)
* combine most text navigation shortcuts with shift to create selections instead of (just) moving the cursor
* I do not recommend hiding anything anymore. Hidden windows are difficult to focus with a keyboard, unless you are
use Witch. Either way, if you are using 10.5+, Spaces accomplishes the same goal (that is - uncluttering) more cleanly and automatically.
If you are using Spaces, just remember that some applications come up unfocused if you cmd-tab or Witch into them from a different space.
This problem can be worked around by using control-# to go to the desired _space_ instead of cmd-tab into the desired _app_ (Admittedly,
it's an annoying problem. But, if you can get into this of using spaces, it's faster to do it this way, anyway: it's like all your apps have individual hotkeys now!).
############################ FIREFOX ##################################
cmd l ....................................................... input an address
cmd k ....................................................... focus search bar
cmd d ....................................................... bookmark current page
cmd [ ....................................................... back a page
cmd ] ....................................................... forward a page
cmd j ....................................................... downloads manager
######################### TERMINAL w/ BASH INSTALLED #################################
- I have found that these keys are not quite like normal bash shortcuts. A good bash shortcut list is available at
http://linuxhelp.blogspot.com/2005/08/bash-shell-shortcuts.html
however you will find that these are slightly different from what I have here (and what I have here is what works in 10.5.2)
up/down..................................................... cycle through command history
ctrl d...................................................... submit EOF character (quits most interactive processes gracefully, or logs out)
ctrl c...................................................... regain control of your shell no matter what
ctrl k...................................................... clear old output
tab......................................................... autocomplete pathnames etc.
tab tab..................................................... double tapping tab shows all possible answers to the autocomplete
ctrl u...................................................... clear current line
ctrl w...................................................... delete previous word
ctrl a...................................................... jump to beginning of line
ctrl e...................................................... jump to end of line
####################### ADVANCED #######################################
SET UP YOUR OWN KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS USING the KEYBOARD PREF PANE.
1) Access the keyboard pref pane. Try ctrl-F2, dwn, k-e-y until it selects keyboard pane, then space to select that pane, then tab into the list and check it out
You will see that there are many more hotkeys than are listed here. However, I rarely use cmd-opt-`, for instance. Few apps use window drawers, it is not a popular Cocoa element.
(An easier way to navigate to the keyboard pref pane cmd-enter, spotlight search, keyboard pref. Another way is to use the search built in to system preferences to get there.
But! I wanted to show you a more generic way that works for essentially any conceivable menu item).
2) Create your own. Tab into the +, spacebar, All Applications, tab, Zoom, tab, shft-cmd-M. This, for instance, makes a global hotkey to zoom the current window.
This thing works by matching the name of the shortcut that you type to the name of a menu item in whatever app you're in. Most apps have a Zoom menu option that toggles a window's Zoom.
You can use this to overload default hotkeys, as well.
NAVIGATE GOOGLE SEARCHES WITH KEYBOARD
1) If you search using this link http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=***&btnG=Google+Search&esrch=BetaShortcuts
you can a results page that has keyboard accessibility.
2) I put this on on my quicksilver google search trigger.
3) I installed a greasemonkey script to redirect all my google searches to this as well. http://userscripts.org/scripts/source/9322.user.js
################ Appendix 1 - Startup Key Sequences #############################
Strictly speaking, these are not keyboard navigation tricks, but rather important functionality only available through the keyboard.
These are ripped from Apple's website.
mute while booting ........................................ mute the "bong" (doesn't seem to work with my bluetooth keyboard)
X during startup .......................................... Force Mac OS X startup
Opt-Com-Shft-Del during startup ........................... Bypass primary startup volume and seek a different startup volume (such as a CD or external disk)
C during startup .......................................... Start up from a CD that has a system folder
N during startup .......................................... Attempt to start up from a compatible network server (NetBoot)
T during startup .......................................... Start up in FireWire Target Disk mode
Shift during startup ...................................... start up in Safe Boot mode and temporarily disable login items and non-essential kernel extension files (Mac OS X 10.2 and later)
cmd-V during startup ...................................... Start up in Verbose mode.
cmd-S during startup ...................................... Start up in Single-User mode
############## Appendix 2: Known Keyboard Accessibility Issues ###########################
Address Book: Adding contacts to Address Book requires clicking arrows, not keyboard accessible
Finder/iTunes: Not possible to focus the side panel with a keyboard
Adium: Not possible to focus the text window of a message window
System Preferences: Some system preferences are not navigable
This is not an exhaustive list, but it is extensive.
Mostly, these are commands that I could remember off the top of my head and write down in fifteen minutes.
The rest are hotkeys that I used in the course of two days while I continued to redact it.
(I subsequently confirmed all of them before releasing this list, to ensure accuracy as of 10.5.2.)
That I have them memorized is my guarantee to you that this list is full of hotkeys that are useful
on a daily basis, and do not suck. I am tired of reading lists of hotkeys which are half filled
with garbage. TMI is just as bad as no info. Contrariwise, most shortcut lists do not provide
some of the focus-changing shortcuts that are necessary for effective keyboard navigation. Here
I am concerned not merely with keyboard shortcuts, but with keyboard navigation: that is, getting to
as many commands as possible without the hassle of a mouse. In general, I find that if I know the
command that I want to issue, there is a faster way to do it with a keyboard, than with a mouse,
whereas if I don't know, a mouse is effective in searching for the answer (though cmd-shft-/ and
command-enter are usually my first lines of inquiry).
These shortcuts are sorted not by frequency of use, but by the ratio of what I perceive to be their
use value over what I perceive to be their obscurity. (MENU ITEMS ARE SELF DOCUMENTING. THEREFORE
THEY ARE NOT GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO BE OBSCURE. This is why, e.g., cut and paste are low on the list,
because everyone knows them already. In fact, the only reason they're in here is that I want to draw
attention to the idea that most application developers are aware of some unofficial, unvoiced conventions.
It's easier to remember, eg, that cmd-f is fullscreen mode by convention, than it is to remember that
cmd-f is fullscreen in VLC, cmd-f is fullscreen in QuickTime, cmd-f is fullscreen in iChat video mode, etc.)
I also highly recommend Quicksilver, which opens a wealth of possibilities to the keyboard user with its
trigger abilities (I use a google search trigger, a bookmarks search trigger, and clipboard history trigger,
as well as use it to launch common apps with F1-F6. I invoke it to open files with a non-default application,
invoke it to launch less frequently used apps, paste files into emails and text boxes with a few key strokes,
maintain a todo list, control itunes, and a lot more. I'm always finding new uses for it. All of these behaviors
could be replicated by other keyboard sequences, but Quicksilver makes it faster.) Even more important for
keyboard navigation, I recommend Witch, which I have bound on alt-tab and use in conjunction with Apple's
built in cmd-tab. It seems to solve a lot of problems that would otherwise make me reach for a mouse.
Both are indispensable to me.
I recommend that anyone who heavily uses a computer learn as many shortcuts as possible, since they are
generally much, much faster than using a mouse. However, there are times when a mouse is faster,
for instance, when browsing a modern website. So it's important to pay attention to your usage and notice
which way will save you time. (I also have a logitech MX revolution mouse with 17 buttons on it, and I use ALL of
the buttons). It pays to be open minded about your navigation habits.
I hope you enjoy and profit from this list.
Keyboards forever!
#################### Hotkeys in Leopard #################################
##################### GLOBAL #################################
cmd space..................................................... Spotlight search
Ctrl [1,2,3,4,5,6]............................................ Jump to a space
Ctrl F7....................................................... Switch between text and controls. V. useful if you are stuck at a certain dialogs, such as the save dialog
cmd opt shft q................................................ force logout
ctrl F2, dwn.................................................. switch menu to keyboard navigation mode, starting from apple menu (with FATY)
ctrl F3 ...................................................... switch dock to keyboard navigation mode (this mode has FAYT) (while here, up shows dock prefs, space is a mouse click)
Cmd-Tab ...................................................... Browse through open apps
cmd shft q ................................................... logout
cmd opt escape ............................................... force quit menu
cmd period ................................................... attempt to force quit the active process
cmd shft vol ................................................. quiet volume change
cmd opt shft vol ............................................. fine grained music volume (10.5 only)
cmd-opt-space ................................................ Open a file search (I still cannot figure out how to focus the search results, therefore not used frequently, the functionality is improved upon in QS anyways!)
opt-vol ...................................................... Sound preference pane
######################## EXPOSE ########################
tab ......................................................... cycle through open windows
NOTE: Expose can be used in conjunction with Spaces
###################### SPACES ########################
tab ......................................................... cycle through spaces
number ...................................................... jump to space
c ........................................................... collect all windows in one space
################################# FINDER #######################################
cmd up ...................................................... Change working directory to parent
spacebar .................................................... Quicklook selected item (Quicklook features are 10.5+ only)
left-right arrows in QL ..................................... Go to next selected QL'd item.
cmd return in QL ............................................ Show 4-up Quicklooks
cmd return in Spotlight Searh............................ Open selected object in Finder (or Mail if a mail message)
cmd-shft-g..................................................... Go to any folder, with autocomplete, AND IT WORKS IN Save.. and Open.. DIALOGS (v. important point)
Command-Right Arrow ......................................... Expand folder (list view)
Option-Command-Right Arrow .................................. Expand folder and nested subfolders (list view)
Command-Left Arrow .......................................... Collapse Folder (list view)
Option-Command-Up Arrow ..................................... Open parent folder and close current window
Cmd-Opt-I ............................................................. Open a single inspect pane for a multiple selection, even if ordinarily it would show individual infos
type anything ............................................... find as you search
cmd delete .................................................. selection to trash
shift tab ................................................... like up arrow, but it wraps around
tab ......................................................... like down, but it wraps around
shift up/down ............................................... select multiple
cmd up ...................................................... open a new finder window if none is open
right arrow ................................................. open a selected folder
left arrow an open folder ................................... close it
left arrow anything else .................................... jump to enclosing folder, if that folder is available (otherwise use cmd up)
cmd shft h .................................................. Open ~
cmd shft a .................................................. Open Applications
enter ....................................................... edit filename (esc to cancel, enter to accept)
cmd o ....................................................... Open file with default app
cmd y ....................................................... Toggle Persistent Quicklook
cmd c ....................................................... Open Computer
/ ........................................................... Top file in folder
############################## BY CONVENTION - MOST APPS ########################
opt rgt/lft ................................................. skip to next word(*1)
opt up/dwn ................................................. skip to next paragraph (Does not work in TextEdit, but it should! Get something better)
cmd rgt/lft ................................................. skip to beginning and end of line
cmd up/dwn ................................................. skip to beginning or end of file
enter ....................................................... choose blue button in dialogue box (usually "enter" or "accept")
spacebar .................................................... Use on focused objects that are clickable, e.g. a drop-down menu, tab, or button, to simulate a mouse click
ctrl-tab .................................................... navigate to next tab in most tabbed apps
shft-ctrl-tab ............................................... navigate to previous tab in most tabbed apps
ctrl t ...................................................... new tab in most tabbed apps
tab ......................................................... shift focus to next
ctrl tab .................................................... shift focus to previous
cmd [1,2,3,4,5..] ........................................... jump to tab in most tabbed apps
arrows ...................................................... used heavily in keyboard navigation to navigate to next element. Always less efficient than FAYS.
cmd +/- ..................................................... increase/decrease text size
cmd lft/rgt ................................................. go to the "next thing"
esc ......................................................... cancel/deselect
cmd , ....................................................... preferences
cmd w ....................................................... close a tab or window
cmd ? ....................................................... FAYS menu actions + help options. Also switches menu to keyboard navigation mode
opt-cmd-w ................................................... close all windows
cmd . ....................................................... close dialogue box
cmd a ....................................................... select all text in active window
cmd d ....................................................... "don't save" in dialog boxes, "add bookmark" in browsers, "send message" in mail clients
cmd f ....................................................... fullscreen mode
cmd enter .................................................. echo a newline when "enter" is used for something else, e.g. "submit" in a chat app (sometimes this is reversed)
cmd s ....................................................... save
cmd shft s .................................................. save as...
cmd q ....................................................... quit
cmd p ....................................................... print
cmd o ....................................................... open...
cmd n ....................................................... new file...
cmd shft n .................................................. new "meta object"
cmd x ....................................................... cut
cmd c ....................................................... copy
cmd v ....................................................... paste
cmd h ....................................................... hide active application (cmd tab into a hidden app to see it, or use menu -> show all)(*2)
ctrl cmd h .................................................. hide all others (this is reversed in adobe apps)
* combine most text navigation shortcuts with shift to create selections instead of (just) moving the cursor
* I do not recommend hiding anything anymore. Hidden windows are difficult to focus with a keyboard, unless you are
use Witch. Either way, if you are using 10.5+, Spaces accomplishes the same goal (that is - uncluttering) more cleanly and automatically.
If you are using Spaces, just remember that some applications come up unfocused if you cmd-tab or Witch into them from a different space.
This problem can be worked around by using control-# to go to the desired _space_ instead of cmd-tab into the desired _app_ (Admittedly,
it's an annoying problem. But, if you can get into this of using spaces, it's faster to do it this way, anyway: it's like all your apps have individual hotkeys now!).
############################ FIREFOX ##################################
cmd l ....................................................... input an address
cmd k ....................................................... focus search bar
cmd d ....................................................... bookmark current page
cmd [ ....................................................... back a page
cmd ] ....................................................... forward a page
cmd j ....................................................... downloads manager
######################### TERMINAL w/ BASH INSTALLED #################################
- I have found that these keys are not quite like normal bash shortcuts. A good bash shortcut list is available at
http://linuxhelp.blogspot.com/2005/08/bash-shell-shortcuts.html
however you will find that these are slightly different from what I have here (and what I have here is what works in 10.5.2)
up/down..................................................... cycle through command history
ctrl d...................................................... submit EOF character (quits most interactive processes gracefully, or logs out)
ctrl c...................................................... regain control of your shell no matter what
ctrl k...................................................... clear old output
tab......................................................... autocomplete pathnames etc.
tab tab..................................................... double tapping tab shows all possible answers to the autocomplete
ctrl u...................................................... clear current line
ctrl w...................................................... delete previous word
ctrl a...................................................... jump to beginning of line
ctrl e...................................................... jump to end of line
####################### ADVANCED #######################################
SET UP YOUR OWN KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS USING the KEYBOARD PREF PANE.
1) Access the keyboard pref pane. Try ctrl-F2, dwn, k-e-y until it selects keyboard pane, then space to select that pane, then tab into the list and check it out
You will see that there are many more hotkeys than are listed here. However, I rarely use cmd-opt-`, for instance. Few apps use window drawers, it is not a popular Cocoa element.
(An easier way to navigate to the keyboard pref pane cmd-enter, spotlight search, keyboard pref. Another way is to use the search built in to system preferences to get there.
But! I wanted to show you a more generic way that works for essentially any conceivable menu item).
2) Create your own. Tab into the +, spacebar, All Applications, tab, Zoom, tab, shft-cmd-M. This, for instance, makes a global hotkey to zoom the current window.
This thing works by matching the name of the shortcut that you type to the name of a menu item in whatever app you're in. Most apps have a Zoom menu option that toggles a window's Zoom.
You can use this to overload default hotkeys, as well.
NAVIGATE GOOGLE SEARCHES WITH KEYBOARD
1) If you search using this link http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=***&btnG=Google+Search&esrch=BetaShortcuts
you can a results page that has keyboard accessibility.
2) I put this on on my quicksilver google search trigger.
3) I installed a greasemonkey script to redirect all my google searches to this as well. http://userscripts.org/scripts/source/9322.user.js
################ Appendix 1 - Startup Key Sequences #############################
Strictly speaking, these are not keyboard navigation tricks, but rather important functionality only available through the keyboard.
These are ripped from Apple's website.
mute while booting ........................................ mute the "bong" (doesn't seem to work with my bluetooth keyboard)
X during startup .......................................... Force Mac OS X startup
Opt-Com-Shft-Del during startup ........................... Bypass primary startup volume and seek a different startup volume (such as a CD or external disk)
C during startup .......................................... Start up from a CD that has a system folder
N during startup .......................................... Attempt to start up from a compatible network server (NetBoot)
T during startup .......................................... Start up in FireWire Target Disk mode
Shift during startup ...................................... start up in Safe Boot mode and temporarily disable login items and non-essential kernel extension files (Mac OS X 10.2 and later)
cmd-V during startup ...................................... Start up in Verbose mode.
cmd-S during startup ...................................... Start up in Single-User mode
############## Appendix 2: Known Keyboard Accessibility Issues ###########################
Address Book: Adding contacts to Address Book requires clicking arrows, not keyboard accessible
Finder/iTunes: Not possible to focus the side panel with a keyboard
Adium: Not possible to focus the text window of a message window
System Preferences: Some system preferences are not navigable
