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bob5820 said:
Is either of these suited to the study of finite (discrete) mathematics.

Yes, both are. You might provide a little more information about what it is you intend to do. Matlab excels at math involving numerical computation. While it has some symbolic math capability, that's not it's main strength. I don't have experience with Mathematica, but I understand it's got better symbolic capabilities than Matlab, but perhaps its numerical capability isn't as strong.
 
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