Some Macs are better than others in terms of speed--Core Image included--but just to be clear: contrary to popular misunderstanding, ALL Macs support Core Image.
Core Image will leverage whatever hardware resources you have available: if you have AltiVec (G4/G5), it will use it. If you have multiple CPUs, it will use them. If you have a programmable GPU that will do the job better than the CPU, it will use that.
A higher-end GPU is good to have, but you do not NEED one to use Core Image. Core Image is an ingenious software technique that reduces multiple image-processing steps down to one step, and anyone can benefit from that, whether using the CPU or GPU.
Details here:
http://arstechnica.com/reviews/os/macosx-10.4.ars/15