According to this article mitigations for the recently discovered Load Value Injection vulnerability in Intel CPUs can significantly reduce performance. All Mac Pro 7,1 and 6,1 processors are affected. Mac Pro 5,1 and older processors are most likely affected, but Intel doesn't specifically list them. Probably because Intel no longer releases microcode updates for them.
www.tomshardware.com
List of affected processors:
software.intel.com
Intel LVI Vulnerability Mitigations Reduce Some Xeon's Performance up to 77 Percent
Load Value Injection could be punishing
List of affected processors:

Affected Processors: Transient Execution Attacks & Related Security...
Review the impact of transient execution attacks and select security issues on currently supported Intel products.
